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1、IntroductiontoLanguageIntroductiontothecourseLanguage2IntroductiontoLinguistics2Phonetics4Phonology2Morphology2Syntax4Semantics4Pragmatics2Sociolinguistics4LanguageChange2LinguisticsandForeignLanguageTeaching2CompanyLogoLanguageIslanguageasystem?Yes.Isthereintrinsicconnectionbetweenformandmeaning?
2、No.It’sarbitrary.CompanyLogoDifferentdefinitionsLanguageisasystemwhosepartscanandmustbeconsideredintheirsynchronicsolidarity.(deSaussure,1916)[Languageis]aset(finiteorinfinite)ofsentences,eachfiniteinlengthandconstructedoutofafinitesetofelements.(Chomsky,1957)Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbo
3、lsusedforhumancommunication.CompanyLogoLanguageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.Asystem----elementsinitarearrangedaccordingtocertainrules.Theycannotbearrangedatwill.e.g.Hethetablecleaned.bkliArbitrary----thereisnointrinsic(logic)connectionbetweenalinguisticformanditsmeanin
4、g.Vocal--------theprimarymediumforalllanguagesissound,nomatterhowwelldevelopedtheirwritingsystemsare.Writingsystemscameintobeingmuchlaterthanthespokenforms.Peoplewithlittleornoliteracycanalsobecompetentlanguageusers.Symbols----wordsarejustthesymbolsassociatedwithobjects,actions,andideasbyconventio
5、n.Human----languageishuman-specific.Humanbeingshavedifferentkindsofbrainsandvocalcapacity.“LanguageAcquisitionDevice”(LAD)(×)(×)CompanyLogoThedivinetheory---Godcreatedlanguageforhumanbeings.Thebow-wowtheory---Languagedevelopedfromtheimitationofthecallsofanimals.Thepooh-poohtheory---Languagedevelop
6、edfrominstinctivesoundsofpain,angerandjoyofhumanbeings.The"yo-he-ho"theory---Languagedevelopedfromrhythmicgruntsofpeoplewhentheyworkedtogether.OriginoflanguageCompanyLogoPropertiesofLanguage-DesignfeaturesArbitrarinessThearbitrarypropertyoflanguagemeansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweensoundsan
7、dmeanings(formandmeaning).中文英語日語法語機(jī)．テ—ブルtabletable桌子CompanyLogoArbitrarinessArbitraryrelationshipbetweenthesoundofamorphemeanditsmeaningArbitrarinessatthesyntacticlevelThesentenceislessarbitrarythanwords.Correspo
