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1、第49卷第20期機械工程學報Vol.49No.202013年10月JOURNALOFMECHANICALENGINEERINGOct.2013DOI:10.3901/JME.2013.20.091救助打撈裝備現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展王祖溫(大連海事大學大連116026)摘要:救助打撈是國家應(yīng)急保障體系的重要組成部分,承擔著我國海上人命、財產(chǎn)、環(huán)境救助、沉船沉物打撈及其他對海上運輸和海上資源開發(fā)提供安全保障等多項任務(wù)。加強救助打撈裝備技術(shù)研究,是提高救助打撈綜合能力的根本,是國家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的重要構(gòu)成。救助打撈裝備專業(yè)性強,具有
2、在高海況和大深度條件下工作可靠的適應(yīng)性特點,同時又是諸多陸上裝備向海上和水下發(fā)展的延伸,存在相通之處。救助打撈裝備交叉機械、電氣、流體、微電子、材料等多學科,其關(guān)鍵共性技術(shù)又不僅僅局限于救助打撈領(lǐng)域,在海上運輸、海洋油氣開發(fā)、海洋勘探、軍事等領(lǐng)域均有應(yīng)用。以救助船舶、救助飛機、海上搜尋裝備、溢油處置裝備等代表性的救助裝備和打撈工程船、攻千斤裝備、水下作業(yè)裝備、飽和潛水裝備、起浮裝備等代表性的打撈裝備為對象,分析該領(lǐng)域國內(nèi)外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和趨勢,提出救助打撈裝備面臨的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問題,為我國救助打撈裝備的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略研究提供
3、參考。關(guān)鍵詞:救撈打撈研究與進展中圖分類號:TG156CurrentDevelopmentofRescueandSalvageEquipmentsWANGZuwen(DalianMaritimeUniversity,Dalian116026)Abstract:Rescueandsalvageisanimportantpartofthenationalemergencysecuritysystemtoundertakelife,property,environmentrescueandsunkenobjects
4、salvage.Italsoprovidessecurityofmaritimetransportandoffshoreresourcedevelopmentandmanyothertasks.Strengtheningtheequipmenttechnologyresearchisthefundamentaltoimprovetherescueandsalvagecomprehensiveabilityandisanimportantpartofthenationaldevelopmentstrategy.
5、Manyspecializedrescueandsalvageequipmentsaredevelopedaheadfromtheonshoreequipmentswiththeadaptabilityfeaturesofreliabletoseveremarineconditionandgreatdepth.Alsorescueandsalvageequipmentscrossmechanicalengineering,electricalengineering,fluidpowertransmission
6、andcontrol,microelectronics,materials,etc.Andthekeytechniquesarenotonlylimitedtotherescueandsalvageengineering,butalsomaritimetransport,offshoreoilandgasdevelopment,marineexploration,militaryandotherapplications.Therefore,aimingtoinducethekeytechnicalproble
7、msandsignificantchallengesinresearchesonrescueandsalvageequipments,thecurrentdevelopmentisanalyzedontherescueshipandaircraft,maritimesearchequipment,spilledoildisposalequipment,floatingcrane,underseapenetrator,saturationdivingequipment,andsoon.Theseprovider
8、eferencedevelopmentstrategyforourcountryinthefieldofrescueandsalvageengineering.Keywords:RescueandsalvageResearchanddevelopment上安全的主力軍,起到了“保駕護航”的重要作用,*0前言有效地保證了我國涉?;顒拥陌踩!笆晃濉逼陂g,中國救撈共出動救撈力量6421救助打撈是國家應(yīng)