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1、水利建筑工程預(yù)算定額第一節(jié)土方工程說(shuō)明一、本章包括土方開(kāi)挖、運(yùn)輸、壓實(shí)等定額共49節(jié)，適用于水利建筑工程的土方工程。二、土方定額的計(jì)量單位，除注明外，均按自然方計(jì)算。三、土方定額的名稱(chēng)自然方：指未經(jīng)擾動(dòng)的自然狀態(tài)的土方。松方：指自然方經(jīng)人工或機(jī)械開(kāi)挖而松動(dòng)過(guò)的土方。實(shí)方：指填筑(回填)并經(jīng)過(guò)壓實(shí)后的成品方。四、土類(lèi)級(jí)別劃分，除凍土外，均按土石十六級(jí)分類(lèi)法的前四級(jí)劃分土類(lèi)級(jí)別。五、土方開(kāi)挖和填筑工程，除定額規(guī)定的工作內(nèi)容外，還包括挖小排水溝、修坡、清除場(chǎng)地草皮雜物、交通指揮、安全設(shè)施及取土場(chǎng)和卸土場(chǎng)的小路修筑與維護(hù)等工作。六、一般土方開(kāi)挖定
2、額，適用于一般明挖土方工程和上口寬超過(guò)16m的渠道及上口面積大于80m2柱坑土方工程。七、渠道土方開(kāi)挖定額，適用于上口寬小于或等于16m的梯形斷面、長(zhǎng)條形、底邊需要修整的渠道土方工程。八、溝槽土方開(kāi)挖定額，適用于上口寬小于或等于4m的矩形斷面或邊坡陡于1∶0.5的梯形斷面，長(zhǎng)度大于寬度3倍的長(zhǎng)條形，只修底不修邊坡的土方工程，如截水墻、齒墻等各類(lèi)墻基和電纜溝等。九、柱坑土方開(kāi)挖定額，適用于上口面積小于或等于80m2、長(zhǎng)度小于寬度3倍、深度小于上口短邊長(zhǎng)度或直徑、四側(cè)垂直或邊坡陡于1∶0.5、不修邊坡只修底的坑挖工程，如集水坑、柱坑、機(jī)座等工
3、程。十、平洞土方開(kāi)挖定額，適用于水平夾角小于或等于6°，斷面積大于2.5m2的各型隧洞洞挖工程。daysofDrudge,illnessincreased,heChongsoonFattsaid:"itseemsthatI'mnotdeadtoJapansoldierstorturedtodeath,anditcertainlycannotgohomealive,evenwithsmallJapanfightandgetitover,ifyouhavetheopportunitytogetaway."WhenshippingviaShun
4、TangQiao,whenriverwaterneeds,siazhenhardtopulltheboatoars,andurgentstepsontheship'srail,asmallwoodenboatoverturnedonthespot,theshipupsidedown,shiparmsintotheriverbottom,broughttheship2Japanfailedtocomeoutofthewater,andsiazhenwerealsosacrificed.1ZhangShuninthelittleboat,pa
5、nic,jumpingontheRiverBankandescaped.(11)ChenJinhai,WuAdafishing-JapanesesoldierremainsonedayinApril1939,activeinWuzhen,anti-JapaneseforcesofZhuXiXinCheng,YanTomb,TaoYuanminYiShenZhuangYangsideofthevillage,thisencounterwithagroupofJapanesesoldiers,engagedinafiercegunbattle
6、.3soldiersheroicallybattleZhuXiforces,remainsfellintotheShenZhuangYang.ZhuXitroopsinpursuitoftheJapanese,andnotimetosalvagethesoldiersremains.ChenJinhai,WuAda2peopleuntilthelocalvillagersshotaway,totheYangside,Yangwasfoundintheremainsofsoldiers,thetwohurriedbackhometotake
7、outthetoolsandhitthe3bodiesandflood,andmadeadeal.Thenextday,ZhuXitroopstransportedsoldiersremains.ChenJinhai,WuAdastoriesinitiativetosalvagetheremainsofsoldiersaffectedbytheanti-Japaneseforcesandlocalpeopleofpraise.(12)ShenYuezhenshippedgunstheendof1938,onadarknight,rainf
8、alling,sleepytownstreets,thereareseveralshadowsintoagoddess.Soon,largelandownersofZhongShaomeiba
