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1、QIANG羌REFERENCESINTHEBOOKOFTHELATERHAN后漢書CHAPTER117:THEBIOGRAPHYOFTHEWESTERNQIANGRachelMeakin(qianghistory@gmail.com;website:www.qianghistory.co.uk)Thistranslationaccompaniesmytranslationof“QiangReferencesintheBookoftheLaterHan.”Ihavechosentocreateaseparate
2、documentforChapter117asitisdedicatedtotheQiangandislong.Thischapteristhe117thofthewholeHouHanShubutisalsonumberedasscrollnumber87andbiographynumber77withintheHouHanShu(卷八十七西羌傳第七十七).TheChineseversioncanbefoundat:http://www.xysa.net/a200/h350/03houhanshu/t-11
3、7.htmMymainsourceandstartingpointfortheplacelocationswaswww.baidu.com.INTRODUCTIONAlthoughtheBookoftheLaterHan(HouHanShu)mainlycoverstheEasternHanperiodfrom25-220AD,thisparticularchapteralsooffersarecordofQianghistorypriortotheEasternHan.Thefirstpersonwhois
4、namedasanancestoroftheQiangisWuyiYuanjianofthe5thcenturyBCintheHuangzhongareaaroundtoday’sXininginQinghai.Priortothis,theQianghistoryinthischapterissomewhatvague.Theyareapparentlydescendedfromthe‘threeMiao’incentralChinabutweremovedbyEmperorShuninthe3rdmill
5、enniumBCtotheQinghairegion.However,inchapter94oftheBookofHan(HanShu),theXiongnupeoplearealsorecordedasdescendedfromChunWeioftheancientXiadynasty(c.2070BC)despitehistoricalreferencestothemonlyemerginginthe5thcenturyBC,sothereseemstohavebeenatraditioninHanhis
6、toriographyofembeddingnon-ChinesegroupswithinaChinesepast.ThehistoryofthecenturiesleadinguptothetimeofWuyiYuanjiancontainsafewQiangreferencesamongmanyreferencestothevariousRong(戎1)onthewesternedgeofChina.Itwasclearlyatimeofmuchconflictbetweenawidevarietyofg
7、roups,withoutmuchclarityastoanyethnicidentity.TheWesternQiangbiographybeginswithfour‘keywords’:WuyiYuanjian(無弋爰劒),Dianliang2(滇良),Manu,sonofDonghao(東號子麻奴)andalsoagroupcalledtheYuezhiHuofHuangzhong(湟中月氏胡).Thefirst,WuyiYuanjian,isofparticularnoteasheisthefirst
8、knownancestorofaQiangtribelaterknownastheShaodangandthefirstQiang-relatedindividualmentionedbynameinQianghistory.ItisnotknownwhereheoriginatedfrombuthewascapturedbytheQinstateinthemid-5thcenturyBCandsu
