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1、《螺絲在擰緊》:誰是鬼? 亨利?詹姆斯(HenryJames,1843~1916)出生于美國紐約知識分子家庭,父親亨利?詹姆斯(HenryJamesSr.)是神學家,哥哥威廉?詹姆斯(WilliamJames)是美國19世紀最為重要的哲學家,他則是蜚聲英美文壇的大師級作家。詹姆斯早年接受的是精英式教育,在童年時就隨父親到歐洲各大城市游歷。成年后他選擇在文化傳統(tǒng)更為悠遠的英國定居,在一戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)后因不滿美國立場加入了英國國籍。詹姆斯終生未婚,將生命獻給寫作,創(chuàng)作生涯長達五十余年,撰寫了大量的文學評論、游記,還嘗試過戲劇創(chuàng)作。他尤其擅長的是用小說來捕捉天真的美國人遭遇老于世故的歐洲人時產(chǎn)生的沖突,借
2、此類小說傳達他對文化差異、倫理選擇、認知局限等命題的思考,《黛西?米勒》(DaisyMiller)、《貴婦畫像》(ThePortraitofaLady)、《使節(jié)》(TheAmbassadors)、《鴿翼》(TheWingsoftheDove)、《金碗》(TheGoldenBowl)等是其中的代表作。然而,他的小說創(chuàng)作不拘囿于“國際主題”,《螺絲在擰緊》(TheTurnoftheScrew)、《歡樂的角落》(TheJollyCorner)等是美國文學“鬼故事”中的珍品?! xcerpts1) Irememberthewholebeginningasasuccessionofflightsan
3、ddrops,alittleseesawoftherightthrobsandthewrong.Afterrising,intown,tomeethisappeal,Ihadatalleventsacouple8ofverybaddays―foundmyselfdoubtfulagain,feltindeedsureIhadmadeamistake.InthisstateofmindIspentthelonghoursofbumping,swingingcoachthatcarriedmetothestoppingplaceatwhichIwastobemetbyavehiclefromthe
4、house.Thisconvenience,Iwastold,hadbeenordered,andIfound,towardthecloseoftheJuneafternoon,acommodious2)fly3)inwaitingforme.Drivingatthathour,onalovelyday,throughacountrytowhichthesummersweetnessseemedtooffermeafriendlywelcome,myfortitude4)mountedafreshand,asweturnedintotheavenue,encounteredareprieve5
5、)thatwasprobablybutaproofofthepointtowhichithadsunk.IsupposeIhadexpected,orhaddreaded,somethingsomelancholythatwhatgreetedmewasagoodsurprise.Irememberasamostpleasantimpressionthebroad,clearfront,itsopenwindowsandfreshcurtainsandthepairofmaidslookingout;Irememberthelawnandthebrightflowersandthecrunch
6、ofmywheelsonthegravelandtheclusteredtreetopsoverwhichtherookscircledandcawedinthegoldensky.Thescenehadagreatnessthatmadeitadifferentaffairfrommyownscanthome,andthereimmediatelyappearedatthedoor,withalittlegirlinherhand,acivilpersonwhodroppedmeasdecentacurtsyasifIhadbeenthemistressoradistinguishedvis
7、itor.IhadreceivedinHarleyStreetanarrowernotionoftheplace,andthat,asI8recalledit,mademethinktheproprietorstillmoreofagentleman,suggestedthatwhatIwastoenjoymightbesomethingbeyondhispromise. Ihadnodropa