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1、腫瘤學(xué)總論西安交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院腫瘤外科=惡性腫瘤真的很要命HeartDiseasesCancerCerebrovascularDiseasesChronicObstructiveLungDiseasesAccidentsPneumonia&InfluenzaDiabetesMellitusSuicideHomicideHIVInfectionLeadingcausesofdeath腫瘤流行病學(xué)AdaptedfromGreenleeRT,etal.CACancerJClin.2000:50;22.Malecance
2、rstatisticsAdaptedfromGreenleeRT,etal.CACancerJClin.2000;50:16.EstimatedincidenceEstimateddeathsMelanomaofskinOralcavity&pharynxLung&bronchusPancreasKidney&renalpelvisColon&rectumProstateUrinarybladderLeukemiaNon-Hodgkin’slymphomaAllothers4%3%14%2%3%10%29%6%3%5%19
3、%EsophagusLung&bronchusPancreasLiver&intrahepaticbileductStomachColon&rectumProstateUrinarybladderLeukemiaNon-Hodgkin’slymphomaAllothers3%31%5%3%3%10%11%3%4%5%22%OncologyEpidemiologyFemalecancerstatisticsAdaptedfromGreenleeRT,etal.CACancerJClin.2000;50:16.2%15%25%
4、5%2%11%5%2%5%4%2%21%MelanomaofskinThyroidBreastLung&bronchusPancreasColon&rectumOvaryUterinecorpusUrinarybladderNon-Hodgkin’slymphomaAllothers3%2%30%12%2%11%4%6%2%4%22%Brain&othernervoussystemBreastLung&bronchusPancreasStomachColon&rectumOvaryUterinecorpusNon-Hodg
5、kin’slymphomaLeukemiaMultiplemyelomaAllothersEstimatedincidenceEstimateddeathsOncologyEpidemiology全世界估計(jì)每年有900萬例腫瘤新發(fā)病例,惡性腫瘤為男性第二位死因,女性第三位死因。我國每年大約有200萬人患癌,死亡約140萬人,其中60%以上為消化道腫瘤。并且惡性腫瘤的死亡率呈上升趨勢,由70年代的84.58/10萬上升到90年代的94.36/10萬,增長率為11.6%惡性腫瘤白皮書通過本章節(jié)的學(xué)習(xí)明白幾個(gè)問題什么是腫瘤?腫
6、瘤學(xué)的幾個(gè)基本概念。腫瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展的相關(guān)因素有哪些?腫瘤的主要診斷和治療手段有那些?定義!腫瘤是機(jī)體中的正常細(xì)胞,在不同的始動(dòng)因素與促進(jìn)因素長期作用下所產(chǎn)生的增生(hyperplasia)與異常分化(prosoplasia)所形成的新生物(neoplasm)。tumor,cancer,carcinoma,neoplasmbenign、malignanttumorAtumorortumouristhenameforaswellingorlesionformedbyanabnormalgrowthofcells(termedne
7、oplastic).Tumorisnotsynonymouswithcancer.Atumorcanbebenign,pre-malignantormalignant,whereascancerisbydefinitionmalignant。Acarcinomaisanymalignantcancerthatarisesfromepithelialcells.Carcinomasinvadesurroundingtissuesandorgansandmaymetastasize,orspread,tolymphnodesa
8、ndothersites.腫瘤的分類目的:明確腫瘤性質(zhì)明確組織來源選擇治療方案提示預(yù)后依據(jù):腫瘤的形態(tài)學(xué)和生物學(xué)行為類別:良性,惡性,交界性根據(jù)腫瘤的生物學(xué)(biology)行為、形態(tài)學(xué)(morphology)及對機(jī)體的影響腫瘤可分為良性(benign)與惡性(malignant)兩類。良性腫瘤,一般