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1、摘要隨著微電子技術(shù)、嵌入式技術(shù)和無線通信技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展和日益成熟,無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)已成為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域中的研究熱點(diǎn)。由于傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)自身的準(zhǔn)確定位是無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)測(cè)活動(dòng)得以順利進(jìn)行的前提,因此,節(jié)點(diǎn)定位技術(shù)顯得尤為重要。DV-Hop算法是一種典型的距離無關(guān)的定位算法,具有硬件要求低、定位精度較高和網(wǎng)絡(luò)適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)等優(yōu)勢(shì),但該算法存在定位誤差較大且覆蓋率低等不足之處。本文對(duì)DV-Hop算法進(jìn)行總體分析和深入研究,針對(duì)該算法存在的問題提出改進(jìn)策略,主要體現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)方面:一方面是確定平均跳距參數(shù)時(shí),根據(jù)以不同計(jì)算方式獲知的平均跳距差異值選取定位參數(shù)值
2、。另一方面是已知三個(gè)或更多信標(biāo)節(jié)點(diǎn)的距離時(shí),有效利用全部已知節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行循環(huán)組合,引入加權(quán)質(zhì)心算法構(gòu)成混合定位算法完成節(jié)點(diǎn)定位。最后,文章以MATLAB為仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),在模擬場(chǎng)景下分別對(duì)傳統(tǒng)DV-Hop算法、加權(quán)質(zhì)心算法和改進(jìn)算法進(jìn)行定位誤差和覆蓋率的隨機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明,改進(jìn)算法在不增加額外硬件開銷的基礎(chǔ)上,有效地提高了節(jié)點(diǎn)定位精度和定位覆蓋率,顯著改善了定位性能,充分證明了該算法的實(shí)用性、有效性和可行性,是無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)定位技術(shù)中一種有效的節(jié)點(diǎn)定位方法。關(guān)鍵詞:無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò);平均跳距;三角重組;DV-Hop算法;加權(quán)質(zhì)心算法Resear
3、chonDV-HopAlgorithmforWirelessSensorNetworkAbstractWiththerapiddevelopmentofmicroelectronictechnology,embeddedtechnologyandwirelesscommunicationtechnology,wirelesssensornetworkhasbecomeahotspotinthefieldofinternetapplication.Nodelocationtechnologyisparticularlyimportantb
4、ecausethemonitoringactivitiesinthewirelesssensornetworkissuccessfullycompletedbasedontheaccuratepositioningofsensornode.TheDV-Hopalgorithmhasmanyadvantagessuchasthelowhardwarerequirements,thehigherpositioningaccuracyaswellasthestrongnetworkadaptabilitywhichisatypicalrang
5、e-freelocalizationalgorithm.Butatthesametimeithassomedeficienciesinthelargerpositioningerrorandlowcoverage.Inthisthesis,twoimprovedstrategyisbroughtforwardaimingatexistingproblemsafterthecomprehensiveanalysisandfurtherresearchforDV-Hopalgorithm.Foronething,theaveragehopd
6、istanceofparametersisconfirmedbythedifferenceoftheaveragehopdistanceobtainedbythediversecalculationmethod.Foranother,thenovelalgorithmeffectivelyrestructuretheallknowninformationoftheanchornodesandcombinewithweightedcentroidalgorithmtoaccuratelypositiontheunknownnodeswhe
7、nthedistanceofthreeormorebeaconnodesarelearned.Finally,thetraditionalDV-Hopalgorithm,weightedcentroidalgorithmandimprovedalgorithmwererespectivelysimulatedforpositioningerrorandcoverageonMATLABwiththedifferentexperimentscene.Thesimulationresultsshowthattheimprovedalgorit
8、hmcaneffectivelyimprovethepositioningprecision,thecoveragerateofpositioningandalgorithmperformancewitho