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1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在從句中的用法1.主語(yǔ)從句中的用法(1)在以it為形式主語(yǔ)的復(fù)合句中,虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句中表示建議、要求、命令等,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用shouldbe型或be型虛擬式,在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中常用be型虛擬式。如:It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.她這么做是很自然的事。Itisessentialthatweshouldtellherthenews.我們有必要告訴她這個(gè)消息。Itisimportantthatweshouldmakefulluseofourmineralresources.對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō),充分利用我國(guó)的礦產(chǎn)資源是
2、重要的。Itisstrangethattheresultoftheexperimentshouldbeunsatisfactory.奇怪的是實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果竟然如此令人不滿(mǎn)意。Itisdesiredthatweshouldgeteverythingreadybytonight.希望一切在今晚準(zhǔn)備好。ItwasarrangedthatMrSamshouldgoandhelpBettie.他們作了安排,由薩姆先生去幫助貝蒂。(2)主句的謂語(yǔ)為某些動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),常用在Itis(was)desired(suggested,settled,prop
3、osed,recommended,requested,decided,etc.)that...句型中。Itissuggestedthatthequestionshouldbediscussedatthenextmeeting.有人建議在下次會(huì)上討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Itisvitalthatheshouldbewarnedbeforeitistoolate.在還不太晚的時(shí)候警告他是非常必要的。IthasbeendecidedthatthesportsmeetshouldbepostponedtillnextFriday.已決定運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)延期到下
4、星期五。Itwasrequestedthatavote(should)betaken.有人要求進(jìn)行表決。2.在賓語(yǔ)從句中的用法(1)wish的賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式①動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)。如:Iwishpriceswouldcomedown.我真希望物價(jià)會(huì)下降。Iwishyouwouldstopaskingsillyquestions.我希望你不要再問(wèn)這種愚蠢的問(wèn)題。IwishIknewhisaddress.可惜我不知道他的地址。Iwishwecouldgowithhim.我們要是能跟他一起去該多好。②had+過(guò)去分詞
5、表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè)。如:IwishIhadknownitbefore.我真希望我預(yù)先知道這件事。Hewisheshehadn’tbeenrudetohisparents.他真希望他沒(méi)有對(duì)父母無(wú)禮。Shewishedthatshehadstayedathome.她想那時(shí)要是留在家里就好了。IwishIcouldhavebeenthereyesterday.要是我昨天到過(guò)那里該多好。(2)wouldrather等的賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式用wouldrather(=wouldsooner)和would(just)assoon(=wou
6、ldsooner)等表示愿望,但其賓語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬過(guò)去式。如:Iwouldratheryoucametomorrowthantoday.我寧愿你明天來(lái),而不是今天。IcoulddoitmyselfbutIwouldsooneryoudidit.我自己也可以做,但我寧愿你去做。Iwouldratheryouhadtoldmethetruth.我倒想你本該把事實(shí)真相告訴我。(3)suggest等的賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式①用should+動(dòng)詞原形或只用動(dòng)詞原形的that從句,作為demand,order,prepose,request,
7、require,suggest,arrange,insist,command,desire,advocate,maintain,urge,direct,move,prefer,arrange,recommend等詞的賓語(yǔ)。如:TheexpertproposedthatTVshouldbeturnedoffatleastonefoureveryday.專(zhuān)家提議每天至少應(yīng)該關(guān)掉電視一個(gè)小時(shí)。Theboardrecommendedthatthecompanyshouldinvestinthenewproperty.董事會(huì)建議公司投資新的房
8、地產(chǎn)。ThecommitteehasgiveninstructionsthatthemanagershouldflytoNewYork.委員會(huì)已發(fā)出指示,要經(jīng)理飛往紐約。SecretaryofWarEdwinM.Stantonorde