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1、OTIS筆試題ZZ OTIS筆試題 全英的 Pleasereadthefollowingtwosectionsandpletethequestionswithin40minutes. Section1: DoctorsDividedOverHeartPills AgroupofdrugsnowbeingmarketedintheUnitedStatesunderavarietyofbrandnameshavebeenprobedtoreducedeathsamongheartattacksurvivorsbymorethan40%overfiveyears.Thedrugsarec
2、ollectivelyknownasstatins,andarecurrentlybeingtakenbyover10millionAmericans.Doctorsarecurrentlywonderingifstatinswillbejustaseffectiveinpreventingheartattacksinpeoplewhodonotnecessarilyfittheprofileofa“highrisk”patient. ThepeoplethedoctorsaretargetingforpossibleprescriptionofstatinsarethosewhoseLDL
3、,or“bad”cholesterol,issomewhathigh,ortheirHDL,or“good”cholesterolisalittlelow.Again,maybetheyhavediabetes,whichmonlyleadstocardiovasculardisease,butdonotyetshowsymptomsofthelatter.AstudyreportintheBritishMedicalJournalconcludedthatstatinscouldreduceby30%theriskofdyingfromaheartattack,evenamongpeople
4、withnormalcholesterollevelsandnosignsofcardiovasculardisease. LeadingpharmaceuticalpanieshavegonesofarastopetitiontheUSFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)toallowconsumerstobuysomelowdosestatinswithouthavingtofirstobtainaphysician’sprescription,or“overthecounter”. Statinsworkbypartlyblockinganenzyme,kno
5、wnasHMG,foundinliverthatturnsomeofthefoodthatyoueatintocholesterol.Thebody,infact,needssomecholesteroltoproducehormonesandVitaminD.Excesscholesterolbuildsupinthearteries,reducingthebloodflowandincreasingthedangerofheartdisease.ByslowingdownthefunctionoftheHMGenzyme,statinsreducetheamountofcholestero
6、lenteringthebloodstream,andforcethebodytodrawonthecholesterolalreadyinthearteriestomakeuptheshortfallinitsneeds.Thus,thereisaregularclearingoutofcholesterolfromthearteries.Doctorsemphasizethatstatinsworkbestwhenapersonadoptsalowfatdiet. Thereare,however,certaindrawbackstostatins.Apartfromthefacttha
7、ttheyareexpensiveabout$3perpill,andyouwouldpresumablyhavetotakethemfortherestofyourlife—theycancauseliverdamageorabreakdownofmuscletissue.Anyonetakingstatinsneedstoundergoperiodicbloodteststocheckfors
