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1、16《電氣開(kāi)關(guān)》(2016.No.2)文章編號(hào):1004—289X(2016)02—0016—03無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的SMAC協(xié)議跨層優(yōu)化林銘瀚,胡永洪,薛毓強(qiáng),凌飛鴻(1.福州大學(xué)電氣工程與自動(dòng)化學(xué)院,福建福州350116;2.國(guó)網(wǎng)福建省電力有限公司,福建福州350002)摘要:針對(duì)無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,由于個(gè)別節(jié)點(diǎn)因能量消耗大而加快網(wǎng)絡(luò)消亡問(wèn)題。本文采用能量均衡思想對(duì)SMAC協(xié)議進(jìn)行跨層優(yōu)化,提出了b—SMAC協(xié)議,節(jié)點(diǎn)可根據(jù)路徑能耗來(lái)更新路由表,有效優(yōu)化選擇下一跳的節(jié)點(diǎn),達(dá)到無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)中節(jié)點(diǎn)能
2、耗均衡的目的。NS一2軟件仿真結(jié)果表明,b—SMAC比SMAC協(xié)議更有效解決能量非均衡消耗問(wèn)題,減少了網(wǎng)絡(luò)消耗,延長(zhǎng)了網(wǎng)絡(luò)生存周期。關(guān)鍵詞:WSN;熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題;SMAC;跨層優(yōu)化中圖分類號(hào):TP212文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:BCrossLayerOptimizationofSMACProtocolBasedonEnergyBalancedLINMing—han,HUYong—hong,XUEYu—qiang,LINGFei—hong(1.CollegeofElectricalEngineeringandAut
3、omation,F(xiàn)uzhouUniversity,F(xiàn)uzhou350116,F(xiàn)ujianChina;2.FujianElectricPowerCompanyLimited,F(xiàn)uzhou350002,F(xiàn)ujianChina)Abstract:Inwirelesssensornetwork.a(chǎn)sforindividualnodesenergyconsumptionwhichacceleratethedemiseofthenetwork.Basedonenergybalancedideatocross
4、layeroptimizationofSMACprotocol,theb-SMACprotocolispro—posed.Toachievethepurposeofbalancingtheenergyconsumptionofnodes,thenodecanupdatetheroutingtableonthebasisofenergyconsumptionofpath,optimalselectionofnexthopeffectively.TheNS一2softwaresimulationre
5、sultshowsthat-b-SMACprotocolismoreefficientthanSMACtosolvetheenergyconsumptionproblemofnon-balancedinthenet—work,extendthenetworklifecycle.Keywords:WSN;hotspotproblem;SMAC;crosslayeroptimization今研究的熱點(diǎn)。在物理層(MAC)當(dāng)中,節(jié)點(diǎn)的主要能1引言耗主要來(lái)自①數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送;②載波偵聽(tīng);③數(shù)據(jù)重發(fā);④無(wú)線傳感
6、器網(wǎng)絡(luò)(WSN)是由大量傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)所協(xié)議開(kāi)銷等J?,F(xiàn)如今,應(yīng)用較多的MAC協(xié)議有組成的“多跳”傳輸?shù)淖越M織網(wǎng)絡(luò)。無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)SMAC協(xié)議、TMAC協(xié)議、DMAC協(xié)議等。具有易布署,覆蓋范圍廣,可進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)測(cè),成本低廉本文基于SMAC協(xié)議的特點(diǎn),提出了b—SMAC等優(yōu)點(diǎn),因此被廣泛應(yīng)用于環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)、軍事、工業(yè)控制(balanced—SMAC)協(xié)議。該協(xié)議的主體思想是節(jié)點(diǎn)等多種領(lǐng)域。可以預(yù)見(jiàn)的是,WSN因其優(yōu)良特性在未根據(jù)路徑能耗來(lái)更新路由表,優(yōu)化選擇了下一跳的節(jié)來(lái)將擁有更加廣泛的應(yīng)用空間。點(diǎn),進(jìn)而
7、使網(wǎng)絡(luò)能量均衡,延長(zhǎng)了網(wǎng)絡(luò)生存周期。因布署環(huán)境限制,無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的節(jié)點(diǎn)絕大2SMAC協(xié)議部分由電池供電。此外,布署節(jié)點(diǎn)的數(shù)量多,環(huán)境復(fù)雜,后期電池更換不便,而節(jié)點(diǎn)能量是有限的,如何在SMAC協(xié)議是一種基于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的媒體訪問(wèn)控制協(xié)節(jié)點(diǎn)能量有限的情況下,提高節(jié)點(diǎn)的續(xù)航能力成為當(dāng)議,其主要功能是降低節(jié)點(diǎn)的能耗,以延長(zhǎng)節(jié)點(diǎn)的生存周期。其基本思想是每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)初始化時(shí),就通基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)網(wǎng)福建省電力有限公司科技項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):521309135004)過(guò)SYNC廣播包以同步調(diào)度表,并結(jié)成同步調(diào)度表虛《電氣開(kāi)關(guān)
8、》(2016.No.2)17擬簇。每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)基于同步調(diào)度表進(jìn)入睡眠一偵聽(tīng)的工SMAC協(xié)議的SYNC廣播包中加人路徑能耗以及能量作機(jī)制以降低節(jié)點(diǎn)能耗J。節(jié)點(diǎn)在進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)傳輸字段,實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)點(diǎn)能量信息的共享。最后,收到SYNC廣時(shí),需先通過(guò)握手機(jī)制競(jìng)爭(zhēng)到傳輸信道,在其他節(jié)點(diǎn)的播包得節(jié)點(diǎn)根據(jù)其能量信息更新其路由表。睡眠時(shí)段進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)傳輸直至傳輸完成。2.1周期性的睡眠一偵聽(tīng)周期性的睡眠一偵聽(tīng)是讓每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)間歇性的進(jìn)入睡眠狀態(tài)以節(jié)約能量,當(dāng)定時(shí)器時(shí)間到的時(shí)候則喚醒偵聽(tīng)信道。SMAC協(xié)議睡眠機(jī)制如圖1所示。調(diào)度2圖1