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1、2014年第3期改革與戰(zhàn)略NO.3,2014第30卷(總第247期)REF0RMAT10N&STRATEGY(Cumulatively,NO.247)當(dāng)代中國收入分化的現(xiàn)狀及主要原因張澤怡(香港浸會(huì)大學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)院,香港999077)【摘要】中國在現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程中面臨著一些現(xiàn)代性問題的困擾,其中,貧富分化成為社會(huì)矛盾的焦點(diǎn)之一。改革開放以來,中國居民生活水平得到整體提升,但也出現(xiàn)了結(jié)構(gòu)上的分化。造成貧富差距的原因是復(fù)雜多重的。其中,城鄉(xiāng)二元體制造成了城鄉(xiāng)資源分配不公和收入差距,壟斷行業(yè)的存在則使得資源在少部分群體中集聚,加深了貧富之間的鴻溝。此外,中國的社會(huì)保障制度沒能充分發(fā)揮其
2、調(diào)節(jié)作用,使得部分底層群體無法解決溫飽問題,造成“極貧”群體的出現(xiàn)。值得關(guān)注的是,單位體制下的既得利益者,在住房制度改革后又獲得福利性住房,住房不公平由此產(chǎn)生財(cái)產(chǎn)不公平。國家對(duì)于不斷拉大的收入差距主要采取宏觀政策加以調(diào)控,改革財(cái)稅制度和完善社會(huì)保障同時(shí)進(jìn)行,但這并不能因此改變由城鄉(xiāng)二元體制和壟斷等所帶來的必然結(jié)果,因而只能起到局部調(diào)節(jié)收入差距的效果,不能實(shí)現(xiàn)真正的社會(huì)公正?!娟P(guān)鍵詞1收入差距;城鄉(xiāng)二元體制;壟斷;社會(huì)保障;住房政策;權(quán)力失范【中圖分類號(hào)】F014.4f文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A[文章編號(hào)】1002—736X(2014)03—0015—05ThePresentSituat
3、ionandtheMainInfluentiaIFactorSofIncomeDisparityonContemporaryChinaZhangZeyi(SocialScienceFaculty,HongKongBaptistUniversity,Xianggang999077)Abstract:Chinaisfacingmodernityissuesduringtheprocessofmodernization.Incomegaphasbecomeoneoffocuspointsofsocialcontradictions.Chineseresidentshaveimpr
4、ovedtheiroveralllivingstandardduetothereformandopeninguppolicy,howeveLtherehasastructuraldiferenti~ionamongtheresidents,thereasonsforwhicharecomplexandmultiple.Firstly,urban—ruraldualstructureresultsunfairdistributionofresourcesandtheincomegap.Secondly,monopolyindustriesaregatheringresourc
5、estotheminority,whichaggravatingtheincomegapbetweenthepoorandtherich.Thirdly,thesocialsecuritysystemcannotprovidethebasicguaranteetoallmasseswhicharelivingattheedgeofpoverty,msultingintheappearanceof”extremepovertyclass”.Lastbutnottheleast,peoplewhogotbenefitsformtheunitsystemarenowgranted
6、togetwelfarehousingagainafternewhousingreformation.Thus,housinginjusticeleadstopropertyunfaimess.Governmentmainlytakesmacroeconomicpolicytoregulatethewideningincomegap,includingtaxreformandsocialsecurityenhancementmethods.HoweveLthesemethodscannotchangetheinevitableconsequenceresultingfrom
7、themonopolyandurban—ruraldualstructure.Therefore,themethodsplayalimitedroletoachievesocialfairnessandjustice.Keywords:incomegap;urban—ruraldualstructure;monopoly;socialsecuritysystem;housingpolicy;abusepower一、中國收入差距的現(xiàn)狀及國家宏居民的收入差距,0.4為收入差距的警大的區(qū)間。其中,我國城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可觀調(diào)控