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ICS65.020.20CCSB35DB43湖南省地方標(biāo)準(zhǔn)DB43/T1094—2020茶園綠肥替減化肥技術(shù)規(guī)程CodeofPracticeforReplacingandReducingFertilizerwithGreenManureinTeaPlantation2020-12-29發(fā)布2021-03-29實施湖南省市場監(jiān)督管理局發(fā)布
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2DB43/T1904—2020目次前言························································································································Ⅲ1范圍·····················································································································12規(guī)范性引用文件······································································································13術(shù)語和定義············································································································14品種選擇···············································································································15種植方式···············································································································16利用·····················································································································27替減化肥比例·········································································································28檔案記錄···············································································································3附錄A(資料性)農(nóng)資投入品檔案記錄表·······································································4I
3DB43/T1904—2020II
4DB43/T1904—2020前言本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020給出的規(guī)則起草。請注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利,本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的發(fā)布機構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識別責(zé)任。本文件由湖南省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳提出。本文件由湖南省農(nóng)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會歸口。本文件起草單位:湖南省茶葉研究所、張家界云霧王茶業(yè)有限責(zé)任公司。本文件主要起草人:傅海平、謝念祠、王沅江、包強、周品謙、莫澤東、李澤恒、周成建、鄧成程。III
5DB43/T1904—2020IV
6DB43/T1904—2020茶園綠肥替減化肥技術(shù)規(guī)程1范圍本文件規(guī)定了茶園綠肥替減化肥的術(shù)語和定義、綠肥的品種選擇、種植方式、利用、替減化肥比例和檔案記錄等技術(shù)要求。本文件適用于湖南省茶園綠肥替減化肥。2規(guī)范性引用文件下列文件中的內(nèi)容通過文中的規(guī)范性引用而構(gòu)成本文件必不可少的條款。其中,注日期的引用文件,僅該日期對應(yīng)的版本適用于本文件;不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改單)適用于本文件。DB43/T1348茶園夏季綠肥間作技術(shù)規(guī)程DB43/T1349茶園冬季綠肥間作技術(shù)規(guī)程DB43/T1350幼齡茶園綠肥間作技術(shù)規(guī)程3術(shù)語和定義下列術(shù)語和定義適用于本文件。3.1茶園綠肥GreenManureinTeaPlantation種植在茶園行間或茶園三邊(地邊,梯邊,坎邊)等非茶地的作物,在生長過程中所產(chǎn)生的全部或部分綠色體,直接或間接翻埋到土壤作肥料,起到促進茶樹生長、改善土壤性狀等作用。4品種選擇4.1根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)刈匀粭l件,選用優(yōu)質(zhì)高產(chǎn),適應(yīng)性、抗逆性強,種植、管理簡單,與茶樹沒有共同病蟲害的綠肥品種。4.2夏季綠肥可選擇豬屎豆、茶肥1號、田菁、檉麻、圓葉決明、白三葉等。具體參見DB43/T1348。4.3冬季綠肥可選擇豆科的毛葉苕子、光葉苕子、藍(lán)花苕子、箭筈豌豆、湘野豌1號、窄葉豌豆、紫云英、豌豆、蠶豆等、十字花科的肥田蘿卜、油菜等及禾本科黑麥草等。具體參見DB43/T1349。4.4品種可選一個或多個,多個品種宜豆科與非豆科及匍匐型或矮生型與高桿型搭配。5種植方式5.1幼齡茶園、臺刈茶園、重修剪茶園采用種植“夏季綠肥+冬季綠肥”。5.2生產(chǎn)茶園一般采用種植冬季綠肥。行間距較寬的茶園可采用種植“夏季綠肥+冬季綠肥”。5.3非茶地采用種植“夏季綠肥+冬季綠肥”。1
7DB43/T1904—20205.4種植技術(shù)5.4.1幼齡茶園、臺刈茶園、重修剪茶園按照DB43/T1350的方法執(zhí)行。5.4.2生產(chǎn)茶園5.4.2.1種植冬季綠肥按照DB43/T1349的方法執(zhí)行。5.4.2.2種植“冬季綠肥+夏季綠肥”茶行間距較寬的茶園,在種植冬季綠肥后宜增種夏季綠肥,夏季綠肥按照DB43/T1348的方法執(zhí)行。冬季綠肥方法同5.4.2.1。5.4.3非茶地5.4.3.1整地耕翻耙耱后1.5m~1.6m開廂,然后開行距60cm~80cm、深8cm~10cm的種植溝。5.4.3.2播種量在DB43/T1348和DB43/T1349規(guī)定的基礎(chǔ)上增加20%~30%。5.4.3.3播種方法5.4.3.3.1以條播為主,用種量少的拌細(xì)砂播種。5.4.3.3.2施入磷肥為主的基肥,蓋2cm左右土后播種,播后蓋一層薄土。6利用6.1刈割時間6.1.1幼齡茶園、臺刈茶園、重修剪茶園按照DB43/T1350的方法執(zhí)行。6.1.2生產(chǎn)茶園按照DB43/T1348和DB43/T1349的方法進行。6.1.3非茶地綠肥在綠肥初花期或盛花期刈割。6.2利用方式6.2.1幼齡茶園、重修剪茶園、臺刈茶園、生產(chǎn)茶園間作綠肥采用就地覆蓋和埋青相結(jié)合的方式。6.2.2非茶地種植的綠肥覆蓋或埋青于附近生產(chǎn)茶園、重修剪茶園、臺刈茶園或幼齡茶園中。6.3.3幼齡茶園埋青溝應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)離茶樹根頸處,宜距離茶樹根頸處45cm~55cm;成齡茶園宜埋青于茶行中間。溝深不低于15cm。6.3.4綠肥埋青時宜施入適量氮肥。6.3.5埋青時間宜結(jié)合茶園施基肥因地制宜進行。2
8DB43/T1904—20207替減化肥比例7.1替減化肥比例根據(jù)綠肥的來源、埋青量、養(yǎng)分等進行確定。間作綠肥的埋青量不足時可由非茶地生產(chǎn)的綠肥進行補充。7.2間作綠肥主要替減茶園中的化肥氮(以純氮計)用量,非茶地綠肥可替減茶園中的化肥氮(以純氮計)、磷(以P2O5計)及鉀(以K2O計)用量。7.3一般綠肥替減化肥比例可參見表1。表1茶園綠肥替減化肥比例2名稱替減化肥比例(%)所需綠肥埋青量(kg/666.7m)15~201000~2000幼齡茶園20~252000~300025及以上3000及以上20~251500~2000成齡茶園25~302000~300030及以上3000及以上8檔案記錄8.1農(nóng)資投入品檔案建立種子、化肥等投入品采購、入出庫及使用檔案,包括投入品成分、來源、使用地點、使用日期、使用方法、使用人等信息。檔案記錄表參見附錄A。8.2農(nóng)事操作檔案建立農(nóng)事操作管理檔案,包括茶園除草、茶樹修剪、茶葉采摘等信息。8.3檔案記錄保管檔案由專人管理,隨時整理并逐年歸檔,保存期限不少于5年。3
9DB43/T1904—2020附錄A(資料性)農(nóng)資投入品檔案記錄表茶園名稱茶樹品種面積地點(經(jīng)緯度、海拔)綠肥序號品種來源播種時間播種量播種方式備注肥料序號名稱養(yǎng)分含量生產(chǎn)企業(yè)規(guī)格用量使用人使用時間備注4