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1、菜籽油精煉熱處理對(duì)紫外光譜的影響余蓋文1劉曄*1王明明1李云雁1劉大川2(1.武漢輕工大學(xué)化學(xué)與環(huán)境工程學(xué)院,湖北武漢,430023;2.武漢輕工大學(xué)食品學(xué)院,湖北武漢,430023)摘要考察各階段精煉熱處理對(duì)菜籽油紫外光譜的影響,為油脂精煉危害物的形成風(fēng)險(xiǎn)探索快速評(píng)估方案。采用0.05mm光程薄膜樣品池采集菜籽油的紫外吸收光譜并提取D245和R272兩個(gè)參數(shù),分別用以表征油中二元和三元共軛結(jié)構(gòu)的多寡,進(jìn)而評(píng)估精煉危害物的形成風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。結(jié)果表明,脫膠、脫酸、脫色操作熱處理均可導(dǎo)致油中二元和三元共軛結(jié)構(gòu)緩慢累積;而在脫臭操作
2、中,油中二元和三元共軛結(jié)構(gòu)的累積速率分別可達(dá)之前三個(gè)操作的11倍和33倍以上。二元和三元共軛結(jié)構(gòu)的累積與精煉熱處理程度及異構(gòu)、聚合產(chǎn)物生成具有密切關(guān)聯(lián),因此D245和R272兩個(gè)參數(shù)可用作精煉危害物的快速定量評(píng)估指標(biāo)。關(guān)鍵詞精煉熱處理紫外光譜共軛結(jié)構(gòu)危害物中圖分類號(hào):TS224.6;TQ644.4文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):1003-0174()EffectsofHeatTreatmentontheUltravioletSpectraofRapeseedOilDuringRefiningYuGaiwen1,LiuYe*1,
3、WangMingming1,LiYunyan1,LiuDachuan2(1.SchoolofChemicalandEnvironmentalEngineering,WuhanPolytechnicUniversity,WuhanHubei430023;2.CollegeofFoodScienceandEngineering,WuhanPolytechnicUniversity,WuhanHubei430023)AbstractToachieveefficientriskassessmentofhazardoussubs
4、tancesformationduringoilrefiningprocess,theeffectsofheattreatmentonultraviolet(UV)spectraofRapeseedOil(RO)wereinvestigated.Athin-filmsamplechamberwithopticallenghthof0.05mmwasusedtocollectUVspectraofrefinedROsamplesandparametersofD245andR272wereselectedtocharact
5、erizetheaccumulationofdi-andtri-conjugatedproductsinROrespectively,thustoevalutatetheriskofhazardoussubstancesformation.Theresultsshownthatdi-andtri-conjugatedproductsaccumulatedsteadilyunderheattreatmentofdeguming,deacidificationandbleaching;whiletheformationsp
6、eedofdi-andtri-conjugatedproductsindeordorizationhadupto11-foldand33-foldincreaserespectivelyascomparedtothatofdeguming,deacidificationandbleaching.Theformationofdi-andtri-conjugatedstructurewascloselyrelevanttoextentofoilheattreatmentandformationofisomerization
7、orpolymerizationproductsinoil,thereforeD245andR272wereeasilyaccessiblequantifyingparametersforriskevalutationofhazardoussubstancesformationduringoilrefiningprocess.KeywordsRefining,Heattreatment,UVspectra,Conjugatedproducts,Hazardoussubstances精煉加工是去除毛油雜質(zhì)、保障油品質(zhì)量的
8、關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié),對(duì)于食用油的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值及加工性能產(chǎn)生重要影響[1-2]。然而,過(guò)度精煉加工不僅造成毛油中營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分的損失和能耗物耗增加[3],還會(huì)導(dǎo)致有害物的生成[4]。因此,掌握油脂精煉過(guò)程中有害物的形成規(guī)律,探索有害物的防控方法,發(fā)展輕簡(jiǎn)化的適度精煉工藝成為當(dāng)前研究熱點(diǎn)之一[4-6]。常規(guī)油脂精煉加工中,脫膠、脫酸、脫色和脫臭等操作均不