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1、定語(yǔ)從句模塊一:限制性定語(yǔ)從句一.定義:1.名詞或代詞后面,由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的修飾該名詞或代詞的從句。2.被修飾的詞叫做先行詞TheboywhoisreadingisTom.關(guān)系代詞Hospitalisaplacewhereadoctorworks.關(guān)系副詞二.關(guān)系詞的分類1.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ),常用的關(guān)系代詞有:that,which,who,whom,whose2.關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ),常用的關(guān)系副詞有:when,where,why三.關(guān)系代詞的基本用法和注意點(diǎn)1.who
2、andwhom①who指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),可省略。Theman(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),可用whom,that替換,可以省略。②whom指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ),可省略。Theman(whom)InoddedtoisMr.Li.先行詞必須是人,作賓語(yǔ)。2.which先行詞必須是事物,作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)Thisisthebookwhich/thatwaswrittenineasyEnglishbyou
3、rEnglishteacher.作主語(yǔ)時(shí),關(guān)系詞不可省略。Thepictures(which/that)hedrewinthe1980sareonshow.作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),關(guān)系詞可以省略。注意:whichandwhom1.whom&which做介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞??商崆埃唇樵~+whom/which+從句,此時(shí)whom&which不能由who或that代替,不能省略。e.g.Thisisthemanfromwhomyoursonalwaysbegsmoney.Thechaironwhichsheissittingismadeofwood
4、.2.但當(dāng)介詞置于從句末尾時(shí),whom可以由who或that代替,which可由that代替,都能省略。e.g.Thisistheman(whom/that/who)yoursonalwaysbegsmoneyfrom.3.有一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中的介詞是固定搭配,不可拆開,一般還是放在動(dòng)詞之后,不提前。Heisthestudentwhotheteachersarelookingfor.Thenumberofthechildrenwhoshetakescareofis30.動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是否可以拆分,關(guān)鍵看拆分后與拆分前的意思是否相同。如果意
5、思不變,可以拆分,否則不行。3.that的用法1)that可作定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)(取代who或which),賓語(yǔ)(取代who或whom或which)2)關(guān)系代詞作表語(yǔ),必須使用that,指代人或物,可以省略。e.g.Myfatherisnolongertheman(that)hewas.Myhometownisnotthesmalltownthatitusedtobetwentyyearsago.3)that的特殊用法必須使用that的五種情況。①先行詞是人+事物時(shí)。e.g.Theytalkedabouttheteachersan
6、dschoolsthattheyhadvisited.Thepolicehadgreattroubleindivertingthemenandthecarsthathadblockedtheway.②當(dāng)先行詞跟在系動(dòng)詞be后作表語(yǔ),或關(guān)系詞本身作定語(yǔ)從句的表語(yǔ)時(shí),關(guān)系代詞必須用that,但也可以省略e.g.Myfatherisnolongertheman(that)hewas.Hethoughthisdaughterwouldbethedancer(that)shealwayswantedtobe.It’sabook(that)
7、willhelpyouagreatdeal.③當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞如thefirst,thelast等詞修飾時(shí)。e.g.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.ThisisthefirstchoicethatIhavemade.SheisthemostcarefulgirlthatIhaveeverknown.ThisisthelastletterthatIreceivedfromhim.④當(dāng)先行詞前面有theonly,thevery,oneof,any,no,every,few,litt
8、le等詞修飾時(shí)。e.g.TheonlypersonthatseemstoknowthetruthisDoctorBrown.Anypersonthatwantstosucceedmustworkhard.Thereisnodifficultythatwecann