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1、236?2013,?Vol.34,?No.02食品科學※分析檢測3種不同方法提取牛至揮發(fā)精油及體外抑菌作用研究趙海伊,衛(wèi)飛,周才瓊*(西南大學食品科學學院,重慶市特色食品工程技術(shù)研究中心,重慶400716)摘??要:采用水蒸氣蒸餾法、同時蒸餾萃取法和微波輔助水蒸氣法提取牛至揮發(fā)精油,并用氣質(zhì)聯(lián)用分離鑒定,比較不同提取方法精油的得率及所得精油中具有抑菌功能的揮發(fā)性成分組成差異。將所得精油進行體外抑菌試驗,比較3種方法所得精油對于供試菌的最小抑菌濃度。結(jié)果顯示3種方法均得到不同含量的醇、烴、酸、醛、酮、酯和酚類物質(zhì),其主要具有抑菌功能的揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)為石竹烯、β-水芹烯、蒈烯和檸檬
2、烯等。關(guān)鍵詞:牛至;水蒸氣蒸餾法;同時蒸餾萃取法;微波輔助水蒸氣法;揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)Effect?of?Extraction?Methods?on?the?Chemical?Composition?and?Antibacterial?Activity?in?vitro?of?Essential?Oil?fromWhole?Plants?of?Origanum?vulgare?L.ZHAO?Hai-yi,WEI?Fei,ZHOU?Cai-qiong*(Chongqing?Special?Food?Engineering?Technology?Research?Center,?Colleg
3、e?of?Food?Science,?Southwest?University,Chongqing400716,?China)Abstract:Essential?oils?were?extracted?from?whole?plants?of?Origanum?vulgare?L.?by?three?different?extraction?methods,steam?distillation,?simultaneous?distillation?extraction?and?microwave-assisted?steam?distillation,?and?their?c
4、hemicalcomponents?were?separated?and?identified?by?GC-MS?to?investigate?the?effect?of?extraction?methods?on?the?yield,?volatilecomposition?and?antibacterial?compounds?of?essential?oil.?The?antibacterial?activities?in?vitro?of?three?essential?oils?againstthe?tested?strains?were?evaluated?by?me
5、asuring?minimum?inhibitory?concentration?(MIC).?All?the?extracted?essential?oils?werefound?to?contain?alcohols,?hydrocarbons,?acids,?aldehydes,?ketones,?esters?and?phenols,?but?in?different?quantities.?The?majorvolatile?antibacterial?compounds?in?them?were?cryophllene,?beta-?phellandrene,?car
6、een,?cyclohexane?and?limonene.Key?words:Origanum?vulgare?L.;steam?distillation;simultaneous?distillation?extraction;microwave-assisted?steamdistillation;volatile?compounds中圖分類號:TS207.3文獻標志碼:A文章編號:1002-6630(2013)02-0236-05牛?至?(?O?r?i?g?a?n?u?m?v?u?l?g?a?re?L?.?)?為?唇?形?科?牛?至?屬(Origanum)植物,味辛、
7、性涼、無毒。全草可提取芳香油,也可用作藥用植物,具有解表、理氣、化濕等功效,可用于治療中暑、感冒、頭痛、急性腸胃炎等,在的揮發(fā)性成分進行分離鑒定,并比較分析其中主要揮發(fā)成分和牛至精油的功能相關(guān)性,為開發(fā)利用牛至資源提供科學參考。我國主要分布在華北、西北及長江以南各地。牛至全草的揮發(fā)精油具有抑菌和抗氧化等功效,被當作一種新型抗生素添加在飼料中,并且由于其濃郁的香味和良好的11.1材料與試劑抗氧化性被廣泛用于飲料、果醬、化妝品和香水中[1-3]。牛至?云南西雙版納產(chǎn),經(jīng)鑒