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1、CONTEXTUALANDINDIVIDUAL-LEVELSOURCESOFETHNICINTOLERANCE:ACOMPARATIVETESTOFETHNICCOMPETITIONANDETHNICSEGREGATIONTHEORIES*****RobertM.KunovichDepartmentofSociologyTheOhioStateUniversityJuly8,199929ABSTRACTInmydoctoraldissertation,Iwillexaminecontextualandindividua
2、l-levelsourcesofethnicintolerancein23countriesfromEurope,NorthAmerica,Asia,andAustralia.Ethnicintoleranceisdefinedastheunwillingnesstoextendpolitical,economic,andsocialrightstootherethnicgroups,regardlessofperceivedsimilaritiesordifferencesinbasicvalues,norms,or
3、beliefs.Themajorpurposeofmydissertationistoevaluatetwocompetingtheoriesthatattributeethnicintolerancetoeitherincreasingcompetitionforscarceeconomicresourcesorethnicsegregationandinequality.Iwillextendcontemporaryresearchinthistraditionbydevelopingandtestingamult
4、i-leveltheoryofethnicintoleranceandbyexaminingtheroleofthestateinthegenerationofethnicintolerance.Specifically,Iwillexaminetheeffectsofethnicresidentialsegregation,ethnicoccupationalsegregation,ethniceconomicinequality,measuredatthecountryandregional-levels,ands
5、tratificationposition,measuredattheindividual-level,onethnicintolerance.Iwillalsoexaminetheeffectsofinstitutionaldesignandstatepoliciestowardethnicminoritiesonethnicintolerance.Thisanalysiswillbeamongthefirsttocomparativelytestethniccompetitionandethnicsegregati
6、ontheoriesandtoexaminetheroleofthestateinthegenerationofintolerance.Surveydatawillbefromthe1995NationalIdentityModuleoftheInternationalSocialSurveyProgram(ISSP).Countryandregionalindicatorswillbecreatedfromnationalstatisticalyearbooksandestimatedfromthesurveydat
7、a.Iwillusehierarchicallinearmodelingtechniques(HLM)tocontrolfortheproblemstypicallyencounteredwhenusingmulti-leveldata.29Manysociologistsarguethatethnicintoleranceisafunctionofsocialstructure.Twocompetingstructuraltheories–ethniccompetitiontheoryandethnicsegrega
8、tiontheory–havebeendevelopedtoexplainethnicsolidarity,intolerance,mobilization,andconflict.Boththeoriesareareactiontothefailureofmodernizationtheory,whichpredictedtha
