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1、Glyphosate-BasedAquaticHerbicidesAnOverviewofRiskbySusanMonheit,CDFA-IPC[Editor’snote:Thefollowingarticleistheresultofathoroughliteraturereviewandmultipleconsultationswithpesticidechemistsandeco-toxicologists.Itdoesnotconstituteanendorsementforanycomme
2、rcialproduct.TheNoxiousTimesstaffisawarethatmanyoftheissuesaroundthesafetyofGlyphosate-basedherbicidesconcernsurfactantsratherthantheactiveingredient.AsimilarreviewisbeingconductedonsurfactantsandwillbepresentedinafutureNoxiousTimes.Personswishingtoobt
3、ainaelectroniccopyofthisarticlemayemailloosestrife@cdfa.ca.gov.]IntroductionPublicawarenessofthepotentialadverseeffectsofpesticideusehasbeengrowingoverthepastseveraldecades.Environmentalistsnowraiseconcernswhenpesticidesareused,anddemandproactiveassess
4、mentsofthepotentialimpactsofpestmanagementactivities.Whathasnotbeenwidelyrecognizedbymanyenvironmentalistsisthemagnitudeofdifferencebetweenhighlytoxic,persistent,andlipophillic(fatsoluble)organochlorineinsecticidessuchasDDT,andtherelativelylowtoxicity,
5、quickdegradability,andlipophobic(fatinsoluble)natureofglyphosate-basedherbicidessuchasAquamastera(MonsantoCompany,St.LouisMO),Rodeoa(DowAgrosciences,Indianapolis,IN),andRoundupa(MonsantoCompany,St.LouisMO).Integratedpestmanagement(IPM)isamulti-discipli
6、naryapproachtotacklingtheproblemofinvasivespecies.Inintegratedweedmanagementprograms,effectivetoolstocontrolthespreadofnoxiousweedsmayincludemechanical,chemicalandbiologicalcontroltechniques.Eachmethodhasitsstrength,andwhenusedtogetherorinsuccession,ca
7、nincreasetheeffectivenessofaprogramsubstantially.Theuseofherbicidestocontrolnoxiousweedsisanintegralpartofthisprocess.Efficacyandpotentialtoxicitytonon-targetorganismsarethetwofactorsthatmostoftentheguidingherbicideselection.Whenusedwithdiscretion,anda
8、carefullyselectedsurfactant,glyphosate-basedherbicidescanofferahighlyeffectiveoption,withrelativelylittleadverseeffect.Inthispaper,currentriskassessments,bioassaytoxicitytests,andotherstudiesperformedonglyphosateorglyphosate-basedherbic
