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1、“介詞+which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,是定語(yǔ)從句一種介詞前置的定語(yǔ)從句句型,介詞與關(guān)系代詞之間存在一種介賓關(guān)系。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞前,即演變出“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”句型。例如:Themanwho/whom/thatyouspoketoisateacher.=Themantowhomyouspokeisateacher.一、基本構(gòu)成1.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,關(guān)系代詞只能用which(指物)或whom(指人),即:介詞+which/whom。(1)Themantowhomyouspokeisat
2、eacher.(2)Thecityinwhichshelivesisfaraway.(3)Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,inwhichtherearemanycartoons.注意:當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí),用在介詞后的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。2.在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)介詞置于定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后時(shí),可用that/which(指物);that/who/whom(指人)作介詞的賓語(yǔ).且此處關(guān)系代詞可以省略,特別是在口語(yǔ)中。如:(1)Theman(who/whom/that)youspoketoisateacher.(2)Thecity(which/that)
3、shelivesinisfaraway.注:通常介詞放在定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞后,也可以放在關(guān)系代詞前面,但有些特殊動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)搭配不能拆分,介詞只能放在動(dòng)詞后,如:lookfor,lookafter,payattentionto,takecareof,lookforwardto,listento等。Thisisthepenthat/whichyouarelookingfor.Thepatientwhomsheislookingafterisherfather.Thewordsthat/whichweshouldpayattentiontoarewrittenontheblackboard.
4、Therearefiftypatientswho/whom/thatwemusttakegoodcareof.練習(xí):Arethesesentencesright?(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(2)Theman(who/that)youtalkedwithismyfriend.(3)Themanwithwho/thatyoutalkedismyfriend.(4)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(5)TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadaisverycomf
5、ortable.二、關(guān)系副詞when,where,why可用“介詞+which”來(lái)代替。關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞+先行詞。其中when=表時(shí)間的介詞(如:in,at,during等)+which;Where=表地點(diǎn)的介詞(如:in,at,on,under等)+which;Why=表原因的介詞(如:for)+which(1)當(dāng)先行詞表示時(shí)間,定語(yǔ)從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),通常用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo),此時(shí)也可選用表示時(shí)間的介詞+which來(lái)代替關(guān)系副詞when。IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.(ontheday=when)(2)當(dāng)先行詞表示地點(diǎn),定語(yǔ)從句中
6、缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí),通常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo),此時(shí)也可選用表示地點(diǎn)的介詞+which來(lái)代替關(guān)系副詞where。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.(inthehouse=where)(3)當(dāng)先行詞為reason,定語(yǔ)從句中缺少表示原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí),通常用關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo),此時(shí)也可以用forwhich來(lái)代替關(guān)系副詞why。Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.(forthereasons=why)二、關(guān)系代詞前介詞選擇三原則:一先,二動(dòng),三意義(重中之重)1.一先,即根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中介詞與先行詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。
7、IneverforgetthedayonwhichIcametothisschool.(ontheday)2.二動(dòng),即根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。ThisistheiPadonwhichIspent3000yuan.(spendmoneyonsth.)3.三意義,即根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的意義來(lái)確定介詞。Thisismypairofglasses,__withoutwhich__Icannotseeclearly.例題:用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的形式表示1.?Doyoulike