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1、武漢工程大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計摘要本次設(shè)計介紹了多塔集中布置的工藝管道設(shè)計要點。對于整個塔區(qū)管道設(shè)計所涉及的部分,如:平面布置,塔基礎(chǔ)高度的確定,塔管口方位的確定,塔聯(lián)合平臺的設(shè)計,附塔管道的支架設(shè)置及應(yīng)力分析等方面進行了詳細的分析和闡述。原油蒸餾在煉油廠是原油首先要通過的加工裝置。一般包括預(yù)處理系統(tǒng)（原油電脫鹽）、常壓分餾系統(tǒng)、減壓分餾系統(tǒng)、注劑系統(tǒng)、輕烴回收系統(tǒng)（加工輕質(zhì)原油且達到經(jīng)濟規(guī)模時一般設(shè)置輕烴回收系統(tǒng)）等。常壓蒸餾就是在常壓下對原油進行加熱、氣化、分餾和冷凝。如此得到各種不同沸點范圍的石油餾分。常減壓蒸餾是指在常壓和減壓條件下，根據(jù)原油中各組分的沸點不同，把原油“
2、切割”成不同餾分的工藝過程。常減壓蒸餾裝置是煉油廠原油加工的頭一個工藝裝置，它是采用蒸餾的方法將原油分割成不同的餾分，是煉油廠初級產(chǎn)品或下一工序的原料送出裝置。常減壓蒸餾裝置的常壓塔區(qū)通常包含三個塔：初餾塔、常壓塔及常壓汽提塔；其中初餾塔將原油中輕組分閃蒸或分餾出來，降低原油換熱。通過轉(zhuǎn)油線、減壓爐管、進料分布器改造,提高減壓塔真空度、降低減壓塔壓降、提高常壓系統(tǒng)拔出率、調(diào)整減壓塔取熱分配等措施后,蠟油收率有所提高,蠟油殘?zhí)抠|(zhì)量分數(shù)也有所提高?！娟P(guān)鍵詞】常減壓；初餾塔；常壓塔；減壓塔I武漢工程大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計AbstractThisdesigndescribesthemu
3、lti-towercentralizedprocesspipinglayoutdesignpoints.Fortheportioninvolvedintheentirecolumnregionpipelinedesign,suchas:flatarrangement,determinetheheightofthetowerbase,thetowernozzlelocationdeterminethedesignofthetowerjointplatform,attachedtocolumnpipesbracketsetandstressanalysiscarriedout
4、adetailedanalysisandelaboration.Distillationofcrudeoilattherefineryprocessingofcrudeoilthroughfirstdevice.Generallyincludepretreatmentsystem(crudeoilelectricdesalting),atmosphericdistillationsystem,vacuumdistillationsystem,agentinjectionsystem,thelighthydrocarbonrecoverysystem(generallyse
5、tlighthydrocarbonrecoverysystemintheprocessingofoflightweightcrudeoilandtoachieveeconomiesofscale).Atmosphericdistillationofcrudeoilunderatmosphericpressureheating,vaporization,fractionation,andcondensation.Thusobtainedvariousboilingrangepetroleumfractions.Atmosphericandvacuumdistillation
6、undertheconditionsofatmosphericpressureandreducedpressure,dependingontheboilingpointoftherespectivecomponentsofthecrudeoil,thecrudeoil"cut"intotheprocessofthedifferentfractions.Thecrudedistillationunitisaprocessunit,theheadoftherefinerycrudeoilprocessing,whichisthedistillationofcrudeoilwa
7、sdividedintodifferentfractions,refineryprimaryproductorthenextstepoftherawmaterialdispensingdevice.Atmosphericandvacuumdistillationtheatmospherictowerareausuallyconsistsofthreetowers:theprimarytower,atmospherictowerandatmosphericpressurestripper;primarytowerflashofl
