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1、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)題目名稱:年產(chǎn)30萬噸合成氨轉(zhuǎn)變工序設(shè)計(jì)系別:化學(xué)工程系專業(yè):應(yīng)用化學(xué)班級(jí):06101學(xué)生:學(xué)號(hào):指導(dǎo)教師(職稱):(教授)xxxx畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)摘要氨是重要的基礎(chǔ)化工產(chǎn)品之一,在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中占有重要地位。合成氨生產(chǎn)經(jīng)過多年的發(fā)展,現(xiàn)已發(fā)展成為一種成熟的化工生產(chǎn)工藝。本設(shè)計(jì)是以天然氣為原料年產(chǎn)三十萬噸合成氨轉(zhuǎn)變工序的設(shè)計(jì)。近年來合成氨工業(yè)發(fā)展很快,大型化、低能耗、清潔生產(chǎn)均是合成氨設(shè)備發(fā)展的主流,技術(shù)改進(jìn)主要方向是開發(fā)性能更好的催化劑、降低氨合成壓力、開發(fā)新的原料氣凈化方法、降低燃料消耗、回收和合理利用低位熱能等方面上。設(shè)計(jì)采用的工藝流程簡介:天然氣經(jīng)過脫硫壓縮進(jìn)入
2、一段轉(zhuǎn)化爐,把CH4和烴類轉(zhuǎn)化成H2,再經(jīng)過二段爐進(jìn)一步轉(zhuǎn)化后換熱進(jìn)入高變爐,在催化劑作用下大部分CO和水蒸氣反應(yīng)獲H2和CO2,再經(jīng)過低變爐使CO降到合格水平,去甲烷化工序。本設(shè)計(jì)綜述部分主要闡述了國內(nèi)外合成氨工業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢以及工藝流程、參數(shù)的確定和選擇,論述了建廠的選址;介紹了氨變換工序的各種流程并確定本設(shè)計(jì)高-低變串聯(lián)的流程。工藝計(jì)算部分主要包括轉(zhuǎn)化段和變換段的物料衡算、熱量衡算、平衡溫距及空速計(jì)算。設(shè)備計(jì)算部分主要是高變爐催化劑用量的具體計(jì)算,并根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)做了轉(zhuǎn)化和變換工序帶控制點(diǎn)的工藝流程圖。本設(shè)計(jì)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于選擇較為良好的廠址和原料路線,確定良好的
3、工藝條件、合理的催化劑和能源綜合利用。另外,就是盡量減少設(shè)備投資費(fèi)用。關(guān)鍵字:合成氨;天然氣;轉(zhuǎn)化;變換;Ixxxx畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)AbstractAmmoniaisthemostimportantoneofbasicchemicalproducts,playsanimportantroleinthenationaleconomy.Ammoniaproductionafteryearsofdevelopment,nowhasdevelopedintoamaturechemicalproductionprocesses.Thedesignisbasedonannualoutp
4、utof300,000tonsofnaturalgasasrawmaterial,thedesignofsyntheticammoniatransformationprocess.Inrecentyears,thelarge-scaleindustrialdevelopmentsoonammonia,lowenergyconsumption,thecleanproductionofsyntheticammoniaequipmentdevelopmentarethemaindirectionoftechnicalimprovement,istodevelopbette
5、rperformanceofcatalyst,reducingammoniasynthesispressure,thedevelopmentofnewmaterialsgaspurificationmethods,reducefuelconsumption,lowheatrecoveryandreasonableutilization,etc.Thedesignprocessusedinbriefare:compressednaturalgasafterdesulfurizationandconversionintoafurnace,themethaneandhyd
6、rocarbonsintohydrogen,throughtheSecondaryreformerfurthertransformedintothehighlyvariablefurnaceheatexchanger,thegreatcatalystpartofthereactionofcarbonmonoxideandhydrogenandcarbondioxidevapor,thenthroughthelow-temperatureshifttoreducetoanacceptablelevelofcarbonmonoxidetomethanationproce
7、ss.Thedesignreviewdescribedsomeofthemajordomesticandinternationalsituationandthedevelopmentofsyntheticammoniaindustrytrendsandtechnologicalprocess,parameteridentificationandselection,discussestheplant'slocation;introducedthetransformationprocessofthevariousprocessesanddeterminethedes