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1、成功的鑰匙WhenIwas27yearsold,Ileftaverydemandingjobinmanagementconsulting,forajobthatwasevenmoredemanding:teaching.IwenttoteachseventhgradesmathintheNewYorkCitypublicschools.Andlikeanyteacher,Imadequizzesandtests,igaveouthomeworkassignments.Whentheworkcameback,Icalculatedgrades.Whatstruckmewastha
2、tI.Q.wasnottheonlydifferencebetweenmybestandmyworststudents,someofmystrongestperformersdidnothavestratosphericI.Q.Scores,someofmysmartestkidsweren’tdoingsowell.Andthatgotmethinking,thekindsofthingsyouneedtolearninseventhgrademath,sure,they’rehard:ratios,decimals,theareaofaparallelogram,butth
3、eseconceptsarenotimpossible.AndIwasfirmlyconvincedthateveryoneofmystudentscouldlearnmaterialiftheyworkedhardandlongenough。在我27歲的時(shí)候,我辭去了一份非常有挑戰(zhàn)性的職業(yè)-企業(yè)管理咨詢,轉(zhuǎn)而投入了一份更加具有挑戰(zhàn)性的職業(yè):教育。我來到紐約的一些公立學(xué)校教七年級學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué),和別的老師一樣,我會(huì)給同學(xué)們做小測試和考試,我會(huì)給他們布置家庭作業(yè)。當(dāng)這些試卷和作業(yè)收上來之后,我計(jì)算了他們的成績,讓我震驚的是,I.Q的高低并不是我最好的和最差的學(xué)生之間唯一的差別,一些在課
4、業(yè)上表現(xiàn)很好的學(xué)生并不具有非常高的IQ分?jǐn)?shù),一些聰明的孩子反而在課業(yè)上表現(xiàn)的不那么盡如人意,這引起了我的思考。當(dāng)然,學(xué)生們在七年級需要學(xué)習(xí)的東西,是有難度的,像比率,小數(shù),平行四邊形的面積計(jì)算,但是這些概念是完全可以掌握的,我堅(jiān)信我的每一位學(xué)生都可以學(xué)會(huì)教材內(nèi)容,只要他們肯花時(shí)間和精力的話。Afterseveralmoreyearsofteaching,Icametotheconclusionthatwhatweneedineducationisamuchbetterunderstandingofstudentsandlearningfromamotivationalpersp
5、ective,fromapsychologicalperspective.Ineducation,theonethingweknowhowtomeasurebestisI.Q.,butwhatifdoingwellinschoolandinlife,dependsonmuchmorethanyourabilitytolearnquicklyandeasily?SoIleftclassroom,andIwenttograduateschooltobecomeapsychologist.Istartedstudyingkidsandadultsinallkindsofsuperch
6、allengingsettings,andineverystudymyquestionwaswhoissuccessfulhereandwhy.MyresearchteamandIwenttoWestPointMilitaryAcademy,wetrytopredictwhichcadetswouldstayinmilitarytrainingandwhichwoulddropout.WewenttotheNationalSpellingBee,andtriedtopredictwhichchildrenwouldadvancefarthestincompetition.Wes
7、tudiedrookieteachersinreallytoughneighborhoods,askingwhichteachersarestillgoingtobehereinteachingbytheendoftheschoolyear.Andofthose,whowillbethemosteffectiveatimprovinglearningoutcomesfortheirstudents.Wepartneredwithprivatecompanies,askingwhichofth