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1、高等植物中的轉(zhuǎn)化酶報(bào)告人：王愛(ài)華轉(zhuǎn)化酶的概念轉(zhuǎn)化酶的分類分布轉(zhuǎn)化酶在植物糖代謝中的作用轉(zhuǎn)化酶基因的進(jìn)化1概念轉(zhuǎn)化酶（Invertase)，又稱蔗糖酶或β-呋喃果糖苷酶。是與蔗糖代謝密切相關(guān)的一種酶，催化蔗糖不可逆水解成葡萄糖和果糖。Sucrose+H2O-----Glucose+Fructose與糖代謝相關(guān)的酶蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）磷酸蔗糖磷酸化酶（SPP）蔗糖合成酶（SuSy）轉(zhuǎn)化酶(Inv)2.1轉(zhuǎn)化酶的分類轉(zhuǎn)化酶類型最適pH范圍溶解性底物是否糖基化細(xì)胞壁類型(酸性,細(xì)胞外)4.5-5.0不溶或可溶蔗糖/棉籽糖…
2、是液泡類型(酸性)4.5-5.0可溶蔗糖/棉籽糖…是細(xì)胞質(zhì)類型(中性/堿性)7.0-7.5可溶蔗糖否2.2轉(zhuǎn)化酶在源和庫(kù)細(xì)胞中的分布淀粉VACINV質(zhì)外體細(xì)胞質(zhì)液泡CYTINVVACINV葉綠體CALVIN循環(huán)丙糖蔗糖葡萄糖果糖葡萄糖果糖蔗糖液泡蔗糖CYTINVCWINV庫(kù)細(xì)胞源細(xì)胞蔗糖葡萄糖果糖果糖葡萄糖葡萄糖果糖蔗糖調(diào)節(jié)植物的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和器官建成細(xì)胞壁轉(zhuǎn)化酶在蔗糖的卸載中發(fā)揮作用液泡轉(zhuǎn)化酶促進(jìn)成熟器官液泡的蔗糖積累 調(diào)節(jié)淀粉合成 一些酸性轉(zhuǎn)化酶基因作用于病原防治 細(xì)胞壁轉(zhuǎn)化酶與抗衰老有關(guān)酸性轉(zhuǎn)化酶與植物的非生物（干旱
3、）抗性有關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)化酶在信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)中的作用3轉(zhuǎn)化酶在植物糖代謝中的作用3.1調(diào)節(jié)植物生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和器官建成a.一般在植物的分生組織和快速生長(zhǎng)的幼嫩的組織和器官中（如幼嫩的葉片、莖、根尖和果實(shí)等）細(xì)胞壁轉(zhuǎn)化酶以及液泡轉(zhuǎn)化酶的活性較高（Estruch和Beltran,1991;Xu等,1989）b.細(xì)胞壁轉(zhuǎn)化酶和單糖轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白互作控制細(xì)胞分裂和生長(zhǎng)（Weschke等,2003）c.抑制轉(zhuǎn)化酶基因表達(dá)植物生長(zhǎng)異常（反義RNA技術(shù)）PhenotypicChangesinTransgenicPlantletsExpressingAntisen
4、semRNAforVacuolarInvertaseorCellWallInvertaseAllplantletsweregrownonhalf-strengthMurashigeandSkoogmediumcontainingonlymacroelementsandmicroelementsand3%sucrose.ThetransgeniccontrolplantletsharborthepromoterofthegeneforcarrotcellwallinvertasefusedtotheGUSreporter
5、gene.(A)Antisenseplantletsforcellwallinvertase(Acwi-59,Acwi-65,andAcwi-76)andwild-type(WT)andtransgeniccontrolplantlets(B)Antisenseplantletsforvacuolarinvertase(Avi-34,Avi-47,andAvi-65)andwild-type(WT)andtransgeniccontrolplantlets反義mRNA技術(shù)研究轉(zhuǎn)化酶功能（1）Source:PlantCe
6、ll,Vol.11,177-190,February1999,Copyright?1999,AmericanSocietyofPlantPhysiologistsPhenotypicChangesinMatureTransgenicPlantsPlantsweregrowninsoilinagrowthchamber.ThecontrolplantsaretransgenicandharborthepromoterofthegeneforcarrotcellwallinvertasefusedtotheGUSrepor
7、tergene.(A)AnAcwiplantandacontrolplant(B)AnAviplantandacontrolplantSource:PlantCell,Vol.11,177-190,February1999,Copyright?1999,AmericanSocietyofPlantPhysiologists反義mRNA技術(shù)研究轉(zhuǎn)化酶功能（2）Electronmicroscopicpicturesofpollenfromwild-type(AandB)andtransgenicplants (C-F)(A
8、)SEMpictureofwild-typepollen.(Bar?=?5?μm.)(B)TransmissionEM(TEM)pictureofwild-typepollen.(Bar?=?5?μm.)(C)SEMpictureofpollenfromNT23-4.(Bar?=?5?μm.)(D)TEMpictureofpoll
