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1、Lecture2UNIXBasicsTheUNIXFilesystemOnthelastepisodeofOpenSourceTools…CourseInfoHistoryofUNIXandOpenSourceHighlightsofUNIXTheUNIXPhilosophySystemorganizationUnixSystemStructureusershellandutilitieskernelhardwarecprograms scriptsls shgcc findopen() fork() exec()KernelSubsystemsFilesystemDealswith
2、allinputandoutputIncludesfilesandterminalsIntegrationofstoragedevicesProcessmanagementDealswithprogramsandprograminteractionHowprocessesshareCPU,memoryandsignalsSchedulingInterprocessCommunicationMemorymanagementUNIXvariantshavedifferentimplementationsofdifferentsubsystems.Whatisashell?Theuseri
3、nterfacetotheoperatingsystemFunctionality:ExecuteotherprogramsManagefilesManageprocessesAprogramlikeanyotherExecutedwhenyoulogonMostCommonlyUsedShells/bin/shTheBourneShell/POSIXshell/bin/cshCshell/bin/tcshEnhancedCShell/bin/kshKornshell/bin/bashOpenSourcekshcloneBasicformofshell:while(readcomma
4、nd){ parsecommand executecommand }ShellInteractiveUseWhenyoulogin,youinteractivelyusetheshell:CommandhistoryCommandlineeditingFileexpansion(tabcompletion)CommandexpansionKeybindingsSpellingcorrectionJobcontrolShellScriptingAsetofshellcommandsthatconstituteanexecutableprogramAshellscriptisaregul
5、artextfilethatcontainsshellorUNIXcommandsVeryusefulforautomatingrepetitivetaskandadministrativetoolsandforstoringcommandsforlaterexecutionSimpleCommandssimplecommand:sequenceofnonblanksargumentsseparatedbyblanksortabs.1stargument(numberedzero)usuallyspecifiesthenameofthecommandtobeexecuted.Anyr
6、emainingarguments:Arepassedasargumentstothatcommand.Argumentsmaybefilenames,pathnames,directoriesorspecialoptions(uptocommand)SpecialcharactersareinterpretedbyshellAsimpleexampleExecuteabasiccommandParsingacommandintoargumentsiscalledsplitting$ls–l/bin-rwxr-xr-x1rootsys43234Sep102008date$prompt
7、commandargumentsTypesofArgumentsOptions/FlagsConvention:-Xor--longnameParametersMaybefiles,maybestringsDependsoncommand$tar–c–v–farchive.tarmain.cmain.hGettingHelponUNIXman:displayentriesfromUNIXonlinedocumentationwhatis,aproposMa
