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1、五種基本句型——主系表結(jié)構(gòu)主(語)+系(動(dòng)詞)+表(語)主語,主語是五種基本句型都具備的。從位置上來看,主語一般在句子開頭,也就是一個(gè)句子的“頭把交椅”。從意義上理解,主語一般是一個(gè)句子的“陳述對(duì)象”,后面的一切都是針對(duì)主語來說的。主語一般是名詞或代詞(當(dāng)然還有其他,這里暫且詳細(xì)討論)系動(dòng)詞是聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞的簡稱,顧名思義,它是起到聯(lián)系作用的動(dòng)詞,是連接主語和表語的。系動(dòng)詞的數(shù)量是有限的,常見的只有十來個(gè),我們把它們分成四組,這樣有助于我們記憶系動(dòng)詞:一、be動(dòng)詞類:am、is、are、was、were二、表示變化類:become、get、tu
2、rn、grow、go三、感官動(dòng)詞類:眼(look)耳(sound)鼻(smell)舌(taste)身(feel)四、表示延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞:remain、stay、keep表語從位置上來講,它總是在系動(dòng)詞后面(系動(dòng)詞和表語關(guān)系甚為緊密,沒有系動(dòng)詞,就沒有表語:沒有表語,就沒有系動(dòng)詞。二從意義上講,表語通常是來說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征的。表語通常是由形容詞、介詞短語、名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、doing等來充當(dāng)。上面就是對(duì)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的簡要介紹,其中,系動(dòng)詞是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的核心,它是這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的標(biāo)志,看到了系動(dòng)詞,也就能立刻判斷出句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是主系表,因此,記
3、住系動(dòng)詞非常重要。練習(xí)找出下面句子中的主語、系動(dòng)詞及表語,并指出主語和表語分別是由什么詞性或詞類來充當(dāng)?shù)摹?Tomisastudent.2Heisfat.3Iamtired.4Wearestudents.5Thebagwaslost.6Theboywasfoolish.7Theywerekind.8Sheisintheroom.9Thebooksareonthedesk.10Snowiswhite.11Katewashereyesterday.12Myfatherbecameateacherin1978.13Theweathergetsh
4、otinsummer.14Shelooksbeautiful.15Theflowersmellsgood.16Wewereveryhappy.17Youareright.18Thesouptastesdelicious.19Thechairisyours.20Thechildrenareasleep.21Thestoryisinteresting.22Hefeelsbettertoday.23Theleafturnsgreen.24Istayedawakeallthenight.25Theweatherstillremainedcoldi
5、nApril.26Thelittlegirlissix.27Myworkistolookafterthebaby.28Hisjobistakingcareofthepatient.29Thegirlisverypretty.30Hewentmad.31Pleasedon’tgetangry.32Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.33Youlookangry.34Shelookslikehermother.35Youlookunhappy,what’sthematter?36Thoserosessmell
6、beautiful.37Thistastesnice.What’sinit?38Doyoufeelhappy?39Heremainedsilent.40Theweatherisgoingtostayfine.41MyjobisteachingEnglish.42Sheisathome.43Ifeelterrible.44Heisolderthanhelooks.他比看上去要老。45Heseeninterestedinthebook.他似乎對(duì)這本書感興趣。46Thestorysoundsinteresting.這個(gè)故事聽起來有趣。47The
7、deskfeelshard.書桌摸起來很硬。48Thecaketastesnice.餅嘗起來很香。49Theflowerssmellsweetandnice.花聞起來香甜。50Youhavegrowntallerthanbefore.你長得比以前高了。51Hehassuddenlyfallenill.他突然病倒了。52Hestoodquitestill.他靜靜地站看。53Hebecomesateacher..他當(dāng)了教師。54Helookswell.他面色好。55Itsoundsnice.這個(gè)聽起來不錯(cuò)。56Ifeelgood.我感覺好。5
8、7Theeggsmellsbad.這個(gè)雞蛋難聞。58Hebecameateacheratlast.59Hisfaceturnedred.60IsheanEnglishteacher,Chine