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1、定語從句與賓語從句定語從句一.定語從句的基本概念在復(fù)合句中,修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句,被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句的有關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose,which,that和關(guān)系副詞where,when,why。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中擔(dān)任句子成份。例:Thisistheboywhooftenhelpsme.二.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功能關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞用來引導(dǎo)定語從句,在先行詞和定語從句之間起紐帶作用,使二者聯(lián)系起來。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞又在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系代詞可作主語、賓語
2、、定語,關(guān)系副詞可作狀語。1.作主語:關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí),從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)須和先行詞一致。例:Idon’tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.2.作賓語例:SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.3.作定語:關(guān)系代詞whose在定語從句中作定語用。例:What’sthenameoftheyoungmanwhosefatherisadoctor?4.作狀語例:I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfir
3、stcametoBeijing.三.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法1.who指人,在定語從句中作主語。例:Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.2.whom指人,在定語從句中作賓語,可省略。例:Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate?3.whose指人,在定語從句中作定語。例:Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.4.which指物,在定語從中作主語或賓語。作賓語時(shí)可省略。例
4、:Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.5.that多指物,有時(shí)也指人,在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時(shí)可省略。例:Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?6.when指時(shí)間,在定語從句中作狀語。例:I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.7.where指地點(diǎn),在定語從句中作狀語。例:Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthe
5、eastofthecity.【注意】關(guān)系代詞whom,which在定語從句中作介詞賓語時(shí),可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間,有時(shí)為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將whom與which與先行詞緊挨著書寫,而將介詞置于定語從句的后面。例:Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.四.特殊用法1.只用that不用which的情況(1)先行詞是all,few,little,nothing,everyt
6、hing,anything等不定代詞時(shí)。例:Allthathesaidistrue.(2)先行詞被only,no,any,oneof等詞修飾時(shí)。例:ThegiantpandaisoneofthemostlovelyanimalsintheworldthatliveinthemountainsofChina.(3)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例:ThedeskisthesecondthingthatIhavemade..(4)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾的詞。例:Thisisthebestbookt
7、hatIhavereadthisyear.(5)先行詞既包括人又包括物時(shí)。例:Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsthatheremembered.2.只用which不用that的情況(1)在非限制性定語從中。例:Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.(2)定語從句由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo),先行詞是物時(shí)。例:Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.定語從句練習(xí)1.Yeste
8、rdayLiMingwenttothevillage________hevisitedfiveyearsago.A.whereB.whoC.that2.Thegirl________isreadingismysisterA.whoB.whomC.which3.Theyliketoliveinahouse________isnotverybigbutbrigh