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1、Questions1.WhendoesAmericanRomanticismbegintoflourish?2.WhoisthefirstimportantAmericanwriter?Andwhatishisrepresentativework?3.IshearealAmericanwriter?4.WhoisthefirstAmericannovelist?5.WhendidAmericanRomanticismculminate?6.WhathasNaturebeencalled?7.AndwhathasTheAmericanScholarbeenri
2、ghtlyregarded?8.IsAmericanRomanticismtheformativeperiodofindigenousAmericanliterature?9.AmongtheAmericanRomantics,whodrewfromEmerson’sdoctrine?Andwhoreactedagainsthisdoctrine?10.Whowere“NewEnglandpoets”?11.WhowasforalongtimeperhapsthemostcontroversialandthemostmisunderstoodofAmeric
3、anwriters?霍桑NathanielHawthorne(1804-1864)WhatdoyouknowaboutNathanielHawthorne?NathanielHawthorne霍桑(1804-1864)1.Americannovelistandshortstorywriter,mostfamousforhisnovelTheScarletLetter.2.CombinedtheAmericanromanticismwithpuritanmoralism3.Pioneeringpsychologicalnovelist(早期心理小說(shuō)家4.Hed
4、idn’tagreewiththeoptimismheldbyTranscendentaliststowardshumannature.Hewrotelotsofworksoneverlastingevilsideinhumannature.5.Anti-transcendentalworksfromMelville,Hawthorne,andPoeallcomprisetheDarkRomanticism(陰郁浪漫主義、黑色浪漫主義)ofliteraturepopularduringthistime.Hislife(1)1BorninSalem,Mass.
5、in1804;2WenttoBowdoinCollege(鮑登學(xué)院),beingfriendsofLongfellowandFranklinPiercein1821;3Livedinsolitudeandseclusionfrom1825to1837(readwidely,acquaintedwithlocalhistory,andpracticewriting:1sttalein1828;Twice-ToldTalesin1837)Hislife(2)4WorkedastheCustomOfficerinBostonforawhile;latersurve
6、yoftheportofSalem;(1839-1849)5.1841-42,tookpartintheTranscendentalcommunityexperimentinBrookFarm--distasteful5Gatheredhismaterialsbyobservingandlisteningtoothersandwrotehisimmortalworks:MossesfromanOldMansein1846;TheScarletLetterin1850;TheHouseoftheSevenGablesin1851;TheBlithedaleRo
7、mancein1852;TheMarbleFaunin1860.6ConsulinLiverpool,Englandfrom1853—1857;7LatertraveledinItaly8Diedin1864;SalemCustom-HousewhereHawthorneworkedSleepyHollowCemetryinConcord,MassechussettsStatueinSalem,MassechussettsMajorworksFictionFanshawe《范肖》(1828)TheBlithedaleRomance《福谷傳奇》(1852)Th
8、eHouseofSevenGables《帶有七個(gè)尖角