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1、兩株乙酰甲胺磷降解菌的分離鑒定及降解特性研究于彩虹1張顯濤1宋英男1張帥1路興波2孫紅煒2*(1.中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)(北京)化學(xué)與環(huán)境工程學(xué)院,北京100083;2.山東省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院植物保護(hù)研究所,山東濟南250100)摘要:利用富集及馴化培養(yǎng)方法,從長期生產(chǎn)農(nóng)藥的企業(yè)廢水處理系統(tǒng)及廠房周邊的污染土壤和池水中,分離篩選出兩株能夠高效降解乙酰甲胺磷的菌株Y3、Y6。在形態(tài)特征和生理生化鑒定的基礎(chǔ)上,對其16SrDNA序列進(jìn)行了分析,并重點研究了它們對乙酰甲胺磷及其它農(nóng)藥的降解特性和抗性。結(jié)果表明,Y3、Y6分別為寡養(yǎng)
2、單胞菌(Stenotrophomonas)和假單胞菌(Pseudomonas)。Y3、Y6在乙酰甲胺磷濃度分別為500mg·L-1和1000mg·L-1,培養(yǎng)溫度30℃,初始pH8.0,接種量為2.5%條件下,一周內(nèi)可以將80%左右的乙酰甲胺磷礦化為磷酸根。外加葡萄糖及酵母膏對降解效率的研究表明,當(dāng)酵母膏含量為1g·L-1時,降解效果最理想;而外加葡萄糖的量,會相對抑制農(nóng)藥的降解。抗性實驗顯示,Y3、Y6均可在較高濃度的其它有機磷類及氨基甲酸酯類農(nóng)藥的普通培養(yǎng)基中生長,對其它農(nóng)藥的抗性也比較廣泛。植物侵染實驗
3、顯示,Y3、Y6對試驗中的豆科、禾本科、十字花科及葫蘆科植物不具備致病性,說明Y3、Y6環(huán)境安全性較強。關(guān)鍵詞:乙酰甲胺磷;菌株;降解特性Isolation,identificationanddegradationcharacteristicsoftwoacephate-degradingbacteriaYuCaihongZhangXiantao1SongYingnan1LuXingbo2SunHongwei2*(1.SchoolofChemicalandEnvironmentalEngineering,Ch
4、inaUniversityofMiningandTechnology(Beijing),Beijing100083;2.InstituteofPlantProtection,ShandongAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Jinan250100)Abstract:Inthisstudy,bythemethodofenrichmentanddomestication,weisolatedtwostrainsofbacteria12designatedasY-3andY-6,respe
5、ctively,fromthewastewatertreatmentsystemofthepesticideenterpriseaswellasthesoilandwaterarounditsworkplace.Thetraditionalmorphology,physio-biochemicalcharacteristicsand16SrDNAgenesequenceanalysiswereappliedtothebacteriaclassification.Thecharacteristicsofdegr
6、adingacephateandtheresistanceofanyotherpesticideswerealsostudied.TheresultsshowedthatstrainsY-3andY-6wereidentifiedasStenotrophomonasspandPseudomonassp.Withtheinitialacephateconcentration500and1000mg·L-1,theinitialpHvalue8.0,30℃,theratioofbacteriasuspension
7、(OD600=2)2.5%,thecompletelydegradationrateswerebothabout80%.Thestudyalsodemonstratedthattheoptimumcontentoftheyeastextractwas1g·L-1,whilethecontentoftheglucoseinhibitsthedegradationofacephate.Theresistanceexperimentsshowedthat,Y-3andY-6couldalsobefoundinhig
8、herconcentrationsofothertypesoforganicphosphorusandcarbamatepesticidesinthegeneralgrowthmedium,whichhavemoreextensivepesticideresistance.Plantinfectionexperimentsshowedthat,Y-3andY-6almostdonothaveanyp