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1、摘要隨著知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代的到來(lái),知識(shí)和高新科技是新經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速崛起的兩大關(guān)鍵,知識(shí)更是這樣的一個(gè)引擎,提高了生產(chǎn)率和促進(jìn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)的增LC帶來(lái)了組織形式及權(quán)利結(jié)構(gòu)的巨大變化。然而,在這樣的背景下,擁有更多知識(shí)的員工便成為組織內(nèi)重要的一部分資木,為企業(yè)的發(fā)展而護(hù)航。知識(shí)型員工有著不同于傳統(tǒng)員工的特點(diǎn),他們工作自主、個(gè)性獨(dú)特、成就動(dòng)機(jī)強(qiáng),并且極具有創(chuàng)新精神。現(xiàn)今,以傳統(tǒng)方式來(lái)約束知識(shí)型員工己經(jīng)不太奏效,如何有效激勵(lì)知識(shí)型員工,提高其效率,使其能為組織帶來(lái)更大的價(jià)值,是當(dāng)代人力資源管理工作的一大挑戰(zhàn)。木論文是從心理契約的這個(gè)角度入手,一是概括了知識(shí)型員工的內(nèi)涵、特點(diǎn)和
2、需求。接著探討了心理契約的概念發(fā)展、內(nèi)容和維度、知識(shí)型員工心理契約違背及后果。最后向大家介紹了兩大類激勵(lì)理論,內(nèi)容型激勵(lì)理論和過(guò)程型激勵(lì)理論。二是詳細(xì)的論述了對(duì)知識(shí)型員工激勵(lì)所存在的問(wèn)題以及成因。這些問(wèn)題主要是:片面重視企業(yè)價(jià)值、激勵(lì)手段單一化、激勵(lì)手段單一化、組織文化與知識(shí)型員工的發(fā)展不協(xié)調(diào)、對(duì)知識(shí)型員工的績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)體系不完善;此外還詳細(xì)分析了造成這些問(wèn)題的主要原因。最后結(jié)合波特-勞勒的過(guò)程型激勵(lì)模型理論,構(gòu)建知識(shí)型員工的激勵(lì)機(jī)制模型,繼而提出相應(yīng)的激勵(lì)方式。關(guān)鍵詞:知識(shí)型員工;心理契約;激勵(lì);心理契約維度AbstractWiththerapidde
3、velopmentoftheknowledge-orientedandhigh-techindustriesintheknowledgeeconomyera,knowledgeisconsideredtobethemotivatortoimprovetheproductivityanddrivetheeconomicgrowth.Theorganizationandtheauthoritystructurewhichwereformedinthesocialandeconomicdevelopmentduringthepastdecadesisund
4、ergonethefundamentalchangesbytheinfluenceofknowledge.Inthiscontext,knowledgeworkersbecomethecorehumancapitalofthecompanyandthemaintargetofenterprisemanagement.However,knowledgeworkersareanewworkgenerationwithpersonalized,innovativeandindependentfeatures.Theyareeasytomobiletooth
5、erbusinessandhavestrongdesireforachievements.Consequently,itisnolongereffectivetorestricttheknowledgeworkersusingthetraditionalcontracts.Howtomotivateknowledgeworkersisabigchallengetohumanresourcemanagement.Inthispaper,startingfromtheperspectiveofpsychologicalcontract,firstlysu
6、mmarizestheconnotationofknowledgeworkers,characteristicsandneeds.Thenexploretheconceptofpsychologicalcontractdevelopment,contentanddimensions,knowledgeworkersandtheconsequencesofpsychologicalcontractviolation.Finally,tointroducethetwotypesofincentivetheory,content-basedincentiv
7、etheoryandprocess-basedincentivetheory.Secondlymotivateknowledgeworkersdiscussedtheproblemsandtheircauses.Theproblemis:theone-sidedemphasisonenterprisevalue,incentivessingle,unitaryincentivestodeveloporganizationalcultureandknowledgeworkersuncoordinated,knowledge-basedemployeep
8、erformanceevaluationsystemisimperfect;causeoftheproble