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1、GEOLOGY地質(zhì)學(xué)geology地質(zhì)學(xué)geologist地質(zhì)學(xué)家crust地殼mantle地幔core地核continentalcrust大陸地殼oceaniccrust海洋地殼layer(stratum,復(fù)數(shù)strata)地層plate板塊fault斷層faultplane斷層面faultzone斷層帶rift(crack;split)斷裂disintegration(decomposition)分解erosion腐蝕fossil化石igneousrock火成巖sedimentaryrock沉積巖metamorphicrock變質(zhì)巖quartz石英l
2、imestone石灰?guī)rmarble大理石granite花崗巖lithogenous巖成的lithosphere巖石圈magma巖漿mineral礦物ore礦石deposit礦床platinum白金,鉑silver銀copper黃銅aluminum鋁tin錫lead鉛zinc鋅nickel鎳mercury汞,水銀sodium鈉gem寶石diamond鉆石emerald綠寶石ruby紅寶石glacier冰川glacial冰川的glacialepoch(age,period)冰川期glacialdrift冰漬iceberg冰山volcano火山activevo
3、lcano活火山extinctvolcano死火山dormantvolcano休眠火山eruption火山噴發(fā)crater火山口lava火山巖漿volcanic火山的volcanicdust火山塵volcanicash火山灰earthquake(quake;tremor;seism)地震seismic地震的seismology地震學(xué)magnitude震級(jí)seismicwave地震波cataclysm災(zāi)變地理GEOGRAPHYgeographer地理學(xué)家hemisphere半球meridian子午線,經(jīng)線parallel平行圈,緯線latitude緯度lo
4、ngitude經(jīng)度elevation海拔altitude高度temperatelatitudes溫帶地區(qū)horizon地平線equator赤道tropics熱帶地區(qū)Arctic北極Antarctic(Antarctica)南極expedition探險(xiǎn)timezone時(shí)區(qū)topography地形,地形學(xué)plain平原plateau(highland)高地lowland低地basin盆地cavern(cave)洞穴terrain地域subterranean(underground)地底下coastland沿海地區(qū)island島嶼continentalisla
5、nd大陸島volcanicisland火山島coralisland珊瑚島islet小島peninsular半島continent大陸continentalshelf大陸架ranges山脈valley峽谷canyon峽谷channel(strait)海峽remote-sensing遙感的terrestrial地球的,陸地的terrestrialheatgeothermal)地?zé)醫(yī)errestrialmagnetism(geomagnetism)地磁continentaldrift大陸漂移學(xué)說(shuō)sea-floorspreading海床擴(kuò)展evaporation
6、蒸發(fā)salinity含鹽度oceanbottom海床sediment沉淀物,沉積物tropical熱帶的temperate溫帶的frigid寒帶的formation形成frostheaving凍脹現(xiàn)象fieldstone卵石生物學(xué)與相關(guān)學(xué)科BIOLOGY植物PLANTbotany植物學(xué)botanist植物學(xué)家botanical(botanic)植物的plant植物aquaticplant水生植物parasiteplant寄生植物root根canopy樹冠層,頂棚foliage(leaf)葉leaflet小葉rosette(葉的)叢生stem莖stalk桿
7、leafstalk葉柄shoot(sprout)嫩芽,抽枝flower花bud花蕾petal花瓣peel(skin)果皮shell(硬)果殼husk(干)果殼;(玉米)苞葉trunk樹干branch樹枝bough大或者粗的樹枝twig小樹枝bark樹皮jungle叢林lawn草坪meadow草地,牧場(chǎng)prairie大草原shrub(bush)灌木cluster一簇(灌木)fern蕨類植物herb草photosynthesis光合作用symbiosis共生wither(shrivel,fade)凋謝pollen花粉pollinate傳授花粉pollinat
8、ion授粉cell細(xì)胞tissue組織organ器官system系統(tǒng)seeds種