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1、附錄A英文文獻(xiàn)SpeakerRecognitionByJudithA.Markowitz,J.MarkowitzConsultantsSpeakerrecognitionusesfeaturesofaperson’svoicetoidentifyorverifythatperson.Itisawell-establishedbiometricwithcommercialsystemsthataremorethan10yearsoldanddeployednon-commercialsystemsthataremorethan20yearsold.Thispaper
2、describeshowspeakerrecognitionsystemsworkandhowtheyareusedinapplications.1.IntroductionSpeakerrecognition(alsocalledvoiceIDandvoicebiometrics)istheonlyhuman-biometrictechnologyincommercialusetodaythatextractsinformationfromsoundpatterns.Itisalsooneofthemostwell-establishedbiometrics,w
3、ithdeployedcommercialapplicationsthataremorethan10yearsoldandnon-commercialsystemsthataremorethan20yearsold.2.HowdoSpeaker-RecognitionSystemsWorkSpeaker-recognitionsystemsusefeaturesofaperson’svoiceandspeakingstyleto:lattachanidentitytothevoiceofanunknownspeakerlverifythatapersoniswho
4、she/heclaimstobelseparateoneperson’svoicefromothervoicesinamulti-speakerenvironmentThefirstoperationiscalledspeakidentificationorspeakerrecognition;thesecondhasmanynames,includingspeakerverification,speakerauthentication,voiceverification,andvoicerecognition;thethirdisspeakerseparatio
5、nor,insomesituations,speakerclassification.Thispapersfocusesonspeakerverification,themosthighlycommercializedofthesetechnologies.2.1OverviewoftheProcessSpeakerverificationisabiometrictechnologyusedfordeterminingwhetherthepersoniswhosheorheclaimstobe.Itshouldnotbeconfusedwithspeechreco
6、gnition,anon-biometrictechnologyusedforidentifyingwhatapersonissaying.Speechrecognitionproductsarenotdesignedtodeterminewhoisspeaking.Speakerverificationbeginswithaclaimofidentity(seeFigureA1).Usually,theclaimentailsmanualentryofapersonalidentificationnumber(PIN),butagrowingnumberofpr
7、oductsallowspokenentryofthePINandusespeechrecognitiontoidentifythenumericcode.SomeapplicationsreplacemanualorspokenPINentrywithbankcards,smartcards,orthenumberofthetelephonebeingused.PINSarealsoeliminatedwhenaspeaker-verificationsystemcontactstheuser,anapproachtypicalofsystemsusedtomo
8、nitor
