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1、LogisticsEnglishLuoDe,JinBo.LogisticsEnglish[M].HIGHEREDUCATIONPRESS.2007,(1)ServiceresponselogisticsactivitiesServiceresponselogisticshasthreeprimaryactivities:waitingtime,capacity,anddelivery(seeFigure4.1).Waitingtimereferstothemanagementofthetimeacustomermustwaitbeforethes
2、erviceisconsumedorrendered.Capacityisthemanagement,scheduling,andstaffingofpeopleandequipmenttomeetapredeterminedlevelofcustomerservicethatisconsistentwithpreestablishedcosttrade-offs.Schedulingtoolittlecapacitymayleadtolostsales,whileschedulingtoomuchmayenhancecustomerservic
3、elevelsbutunprofitableincreaseoperationscosts.Thethirdserviceresponselogisticsactivityisdelivery.Itisdefinedaschoosingthedistributionchannelstodelivertheservicetothecustomer.Thethreeserviceresponselogisticsactivitiesmustoperatetogethertomeetcustomerservicerequirements.Iftheyd
4、onotoperateasasystem,theydonotyieldthefullbenefits.Also,serviceresponselogisticsmustcoordinatewiththerestoflogistics.Almostallproductshaveserviceattachedtothem,andmanyserviceshaveattachedproducts.ThatiswhythemodelinFigure4.1showstraditionallogisticsactivitiesandservicerespons
5、eactivitiesasacoordinatedsystem.EvolutionoftheintegratedlogisticsconceptTothosenotinvolvedinintegratedlogistics,itappearedfromoutoftheblue.Thisisfarfromthetruth!Integratedlogisticshasbeenaroundthroughouthumanhistory.ThegreatexplorerslikeAlexandertheGreat,Columbus,andMagellana
6、ppliedlogisticsconceptstoexpandterritoriesandfindshortertraderoutes.Theterm“l(fā)ogistics”asusedtodayoriginatedinthemilitaryduringWorldWarⅡ.Militarylogisticsfocusedonthestrategicmovementofmilitarypersonnelandsupplies.Whenmilitarylogisticiansreturnedfromthewar,theybegantoapplywhat
7、theyhadlearnedtotheproblemsofbusinesslogistics.Intheearly1960s,PeterDruckerbroughttheconcepttotheforefront.Inanarticleentitled“TheEconomy’sDarkContinent,”Druckersaidthat:“WeknowlittlemoretodayaboutdistributionthanNapoleon’scontemporariesknewabouttheinteriorofAfrica.Weknowitis
8、there,andweknowitisbig,andthat’saboutall.”Inthatsamearticle,Druckera
