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1、摘要隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅猛發(fā)展,電力需求快速增長(zhǎng),電網(wǎng)建設(shè)步伐加快,高壓輸電線路和設(shè)備大大增加。由各種各樣的高壓輸電線路及設(shè)備所產(chǎn)生的工頻電磁場(chǎng)環(huán)境問(wèn)題也越來(lái)越受到關(guān)注,它們所產(chǎn)生的工頻電磁場(chǎng)對(duì)周圍環(huán)境影響究竟有多大,其分布規(guī)律、衰減情況和如何防護(hù)是本文研究的主要內(nèi)容。本文選取了不同電壓等級(jí)的5條具有代表性的架空輸電線路和1座典型的電廠升壓站,分別對(duì)輸電線路走廊、升壓站內(nèi)的工頻電場(chǎng)、磁場(chǎng)分布進(jìn)行了研究,從中得出輸變電工頻電磁場(chǎng)變化規(guī)律,根據(jù)輸變電設(shè)備的電磁環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對(duì)高壓架空線路跨越民房以及升壓站
2、電磁場(chǎng)防護(hù)提出了一些可行性建議。輸電線路工頻場(chǎng)強(qiáng)的大小與線路架設(shè)、輸送方式以及運(yùn)行參數(shù)等因素相關(guān)。文中針對(duì)輸電線路電磁場(chǎng)分布及距離衰減特征提出了相應(yīng)的防護(hù)措施。此外,主要針對(duì)焦韓220kV幾條線路相距較近,實(shí)際測(cè)量電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度有超標(biāo)現(xiàn)象,應(yīng)用了一種疊加鄰近線路等效電荷的改進(jìn)等效電荷法對(duì)這幾列線路的工頻電場(chǎng)進(jìn)行了仿真計(jì)算,得出仿真與實(shí)測(cè)之間相符的結(jié)論。升壓站內(nèi)的工頻設(shè)備較多、布置形式復(fù)雜,通過(guò)對(duì)典型升壓站內(nèi)部主變和高、中、低壓配電區(qū)域各類設(shè)備工頻電場(chǎng)、磁場(chǎng)的實(shí)測(cè)分析,從大量數(shù)據(jù)中得出電磁場(chǎng)分布的特征,工
3、頻電磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度并無(wú)超標(biāo)現(xiàn)象,并遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于公眾職業(yè)暴露限值。本文綜合闡述了輸電線路和設(shè)備工頻電磁場(chǎng)分布特征,并對(duì)照我國(guó)目前推薦的公眾和職業(yè)暴露限值提出了電磁防護(hù)的建議,為保障公眾和職業(yè)人員的安全健康提供了依據(jù)。關(guān)鍵詞:高壓輸變電設(shè)備;工頻電磁場(chǎng);分布;實(shí)際測(cè)量;輻射防護(hù)I萬(wàn)方數(shù)據(jù)萬(wàn)方數(shù)據(jù)AbstractWiththerapiddevelopmentofChina'seconomy,andrapidgrowthinelectricitydemand,highvoltagePowerTransmission
4、Equipmentshasbeengreatlyincreased.Environmentalproblemscausedbypowerfrequencyelectromagneticfieldwhichgeneratedbyawidevarietyofhigh-voltagetransmissionanddistributionequipmentsissuemoreandmoreattention;andtheirimpactonnearbyenvironment,theirdistributi
5、on,attenuationandhowtoprotectarethemaincontentsofthisstudy.Therearefiveoverheadtransmissionlineswithdifferentvoltagelevelsandonetypicalsubstationasrepresentativeinthispaper,respectively,thepowerfrequencyelectricandmagneticfieldsdistributedunderthetran
6、smissionlineandinsidethesubstationisbeingstudied,accordingtotheelectromagneticenvironmentalassessmentstandardsofEMFprotectionoftransmissionequipment,somefeasiblesuggestionsareputforwardonhowtoprotecttheradiationespeciallywhenthehigh-voltageoverheadlin
7、esareacrossthehousesandwhoworkinthesubstations.EMFofover-headtransmissionlinesareinterrelatedwithspanoflines,modeoftransfersandparameterofcirculationetc.FromdistributionandattenuationrulesofPF-EMF,webringoutprotectivedistant.Thepowerfrequencyelectricf
8、ield(4.275kV/m)ofthespacebetweentwoormorelineswasabitbiggerthanthenationalcommendatorystandard.Andthenthecalculatedandsimulatedresultsweregotbyanimprovedchargeequivalentmethod,whichaddedtheimpactofequivalentchargesformnearbypowerlines.Insubsta