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1、-畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)試論會(huì)計(jì)的監(jiān)督職能所屬系部經(jīng)貿(mào)旅游系所學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)電算化班級(jí)高會(huì)電1106學(xué)生姓名何歡杰指導(dǎo)教師趙瑞梅職稱(chēng)2013年6月晉中職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院教務(wù)處制-頁(yè)腳---目錄摘要1第1章前言2第2章會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督的簡(jiǎn)要概述22.1會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督的定義22.2會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督的特點(diǎn)32.2.1會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督的主體是經(jīng)授權(quán)的會(huì)計(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)和會(huì)計(jì)人員32.2.2會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督的對(duì)象是特定主體的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)過(guò)程及其引起的資金運(yùn)動(dòng)32.2.3會(huì)計(jì)對(duì)特定主體經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)過(guò)程及其引起的特點(diǎn)42.2.4會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督的依據(jù)是特定主體制定的各種合法制度42.2.5會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督目的5第3章會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督職能弱化的原因53.1以法規(guī)制度進(jìn)行會(huì)計(jì)的宏觀控制失靈
2、53.2微觀會(huì)計(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)難以發(fā)揮監(jiān)督職能53.3社會(huì)監(jiān)督不力63.4單位內(nèi)部控制制度不健全63.5法制觀念淡薄63.6會(huì)計(jì)人員自身素質(zhì)低下7第4章強(qiáng)化會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督的對(duì)策74.1加強(qiáng)國(guó)家監(jiān)督74.2完善社會(huì)監(jiān)督機(jī)制84.3加強(qiáng)單位內(nèi)部會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督84.3.1加強(qiáng)監(jiān)事會(huì)建設(shè)84.3.2加強(qiáng)監(jiān)事會(huì)建設(shè)84.3.3明確界定委派人員的權(quán)力與責(zé)任94.4提高會(huì)計(jì)人員的素質(zhì)和職業(yè)道德水平94.5規(guī)范《會(huì)計(jì)法》與會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則和會(huì)計(jì)制度的關(guān)系9第五章結(jié)束語(yǔ)...............................................................................
3、..........................................10-頁(yè)腳---參考文獻(xiàn):10-頁(yè)腳---[摘要]目前會(huì)計(jì)信息出現(xiàn)很多失真的情況,會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督存在著一系列的問(wèn)題,要加強(qiáng)和完善會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督職能,必須從要正確認(rèn)識(shí)會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督的重要地位和加強(qiáng)法律體系建設(shè)、明確會(huì)計(jì)責(zé)任主體,加強(qiáng)單位負(fù)責(zé)人在會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督中的責(zé)任,試行會(huì)計(jì)委派制、對(duì)違法者予以嚴(yán)厲的制裁以及培養(yǎng)高素質(zhì)的會(huì)計(jì)人員等幾個(gè)方面著手。關(guān)鍵詞:會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督,國(guó)家監(jiān)督,社會(huì)監(jiān)督,內(nèi)部監(jiān)督會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督是會(huì)計(jì)的基本職能之一,是我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)監(jiān)督體系的重要組成部分。隨著現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度的逐步完善市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展,會(huì)計(jì)工作己發(fā)生了很大變
4、化,會(huì)計(jì)涉及的范圍不斷擴(kuò)大,業(yè)務(wù)處理也日趨復(fù)雜,投資者、債權(quán)人和社會(huì)公眾等對(duì)會(huì)計(jì)信息披露的時(shí)效、范圍、質(zhì)量的要求越來(lái)越高?,F(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度下如何加強(qiáng)會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督己成會(huì)計(jì)界熱衷討論的焦點(diǎn)。為了規(guī)范會(huì)計(jì)行為,提高會(huì)計(jì)信息質(zhì)量,加強(qiáng)會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督己成為建立現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度中一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容。-頁(yè)腳---第1章前言會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督是通過(guò)立法賦予會(huì)計(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)、會(huì)計(jì)人員可以正當(dāng)行使的職權(quán),也是我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)監(jiān)督體系中最直接、最主要的監(jiān)督手段。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)人們對(duì)它寄于厚望,特別是對(duì)于國(guó)有企業(yè)而言。但實(shí)踐中,會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督作用一直不盡人意。會(huì)計(jì)改革以來(lái),客觀上要求進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督,而事實(shí)上會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督卻呈現(xiàn)出低效率、弱化勢(shì)態(tài)。1995年10月2
5、6日召開(kāi)的全國(guó)會(huì)計(jì)工作會(huì)議對(duì)此表示了極大的關(guān)注和解決這一問(wèn)題的決心。第2章會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督的簡(jiǎn)要概述2.1會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督的定義監(jiān)督是特定主體為實(shí)現(xiàn)某種目的而對(duì)客體的行為進(jìn)行監(jiān)察和督促。監(jiān)督需要建立在主體與客體之間的利益沖突上,沒(méi)有雙方利益的矛盾存在,也就不會(huì)產(chǎn)生和存在監(jiān)督。會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督是指會(huì)計(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)和會(huì)計(jì)人員憑借經(jīng)授權(quán)的特殊地位和職權(quán),依照持定主體制定的各種合法制度,對(duì)特定主體經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)過(guò)程及其引起的資金運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行綜合地、全面地、連續(xù)地、及時(shí)地監(jiān)案和督促,以確保各項(xiàng)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的合規(guī)性、合理法,保障會(huì)計(jì)信息的相關(guān)性、可靠性和可比性,從而達(dá)到提高特定主體工作效益的目的。-頁(yè)腳---會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督是會(huì)計(jì)的基本職能之
6、一,它是指依照國(guó)家法律和各種財(cái)經(jīng)政策、規(guī)章制度對(duì)會(huì)計(jì)工作實(shí)行監(jiān)督,并利用正確的會(huì)計(jì)信息對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)進(jìn)行全面、綜合地協(xié)調(diào)、控制、監(jiān)督、督促,以達(dá)到提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的目的。市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的有序運(yùn)作離不開(kāi)會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督。目前,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的深化,更需要強(qiáng)有力的會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督。然而,由于種種原因,會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督呈弱化態(tài)勢(shì),致使經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域中不規(guī)范的經(jīng)濟(jì)行為與違法犯罪層出不窮,強(qiáng)化會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督日益重要。2.2會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督的特點(diǎn)2.2.1會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督的主體是經(jīng)授權(quán)的會(huì)計(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)和會(huì)計(jì)人員這里需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“經(jīng)授權(quán)”概念,因?yàn)楸O(jiān)督是一種權(quán)力約束機(jī)制,會(huì)計(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)和會(huì)計(jì)人員只有經(jīng)授權(quán)才能進(jìn)行體現(xiàn)授權(quán)者意志的會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督。比如,在企業(yè),企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作為授
7、權(quán)者,在法律允許的范圍,為了本單位的利益,授予會(huì)計(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)和會(huì)計(jì)人員一定的監(jiān)督權(quán)力后,會(huì)計(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)和會(huì)計(jì)人員在其會(huì)計(jì)管理過(guò)程中,必須貫徹領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的意圖,實(shí)行會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督。值得注意的是,市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制下的會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督,不應(yīng)再帶有計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)的色彩,會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督的授權(quán)者也不應(yīng)再是會(huì)計(jì)主體所有者或其他外部利害關(guān)系人。在計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制下,政府作為企業(yè)所有者的唯一代表,為了集權(quán)控制的需要而賦予會(huì)計(jì)人員監(jiān)督職能,結(jié)果造成了會(huì)計(jì)人員的雙重身份和在工作過(guò)程中的兩難境地。要解決這一問(wèn)題,就必須取消會(huì)計(jì)人員雙重身份,實(shí)現(xiàn)會(huì)計(jì)人員回歸會(huì)計(jì)主體。