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1、油料樹籽油制備生物柴油的工藝研究摘要由于環(huán)境問題和能源問題的日益嚴重,對可再生能源的開發(fā)已經(jīng)逐步成為當今科學(xué)研究的熱點。生物柴油是以動、植物油脂以及廢棄的油脂為原料與甲醇經(jīng)酯交換反應(yīng)制備的新型替代能源,其主要成分是脂肪酸甲酯。生物柴油具有粘度低、閃點高、十六烷值高、無毒和可生物降解等優(yōu)點,而且可以減輕大氣的溫室氣體濃度。對解決地球升溫、酸雨問題、改善人類的生存環(huán)境、實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟的可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要的意義。本課題以油料樹籽油為原料油,采用固體堿催化劑將油料樹籽油轉(zhuǎn)化為生物柴油。本課題主要分為三個步驟來研究:第一、與以其他油品為原料來合成生物柴油的工
2、藝參數(shù)做比較得出該工藝的最優(yōu)參數(shù)范圍為:最適醇油比的范圍為4?:1~12:1,催化劑的用量的范圍為4wt%~12wt%,反應(yīng)溫度的范圍為60℃~80℃和反應(yīng)時間的范圍為90min~180min。第二、假定反應(yīng)時間為180min?,通過單因素法設(shè)計出13組實驗粗略得出植物籽油制備生物柴油的最優(yōu)工藝參數(shù)為最適醇油比為9?:1,催化劑的用量為6wt%,反應(yīng)溫度65℃。第三、在此基礎(chǔ)上通過Box-Behnken法設(shè)計出13組實驗得出該工藝的最優(yōu)工藝參數(shù)為:醇油比為9.9:1,催化劑用量為4wt%,反應(yīng)溫度為71.23℃,反應(yīng)時間為60min。關(guān)鍵詞:
3、生物柴油,籽油,固體堿催化劑,Box-Behnken法BIODIESELPRODUCTIONFROMENERGY-TREESEEDOILABSTRACTAsenvironmentalissuesandenergyissuesbecameserious,thedevelopmentofrenewableenergyhasattractedmoreandmoreattentionbypresentresearcher.Biodieselisoneofthealternativestopetroleumfuelanditcanbeproducedt
4、hroughtrans-esterificationofvegetableoil,animalfatsandrecyclegreaseswithmethanolinthepresenceofacatalyst.Themaincomponentofbiodieselisfattyacidmethylesters.Biodieselhasmanyadvantages:lowviscosity,highflashpoint,highcetanenumber,non-toxicandbiodegradable,anditcanreducegreenh
5、ousegasesreleasetotheatmosphereduringtheutilization.Itisofagreatsignificanceforsolvingtheglobalwarmingproblemandreductionofacidrain,protectingenvironmentandachievingsustainableeconomicdevelopment.Inthisstudy,seedoilwasusedasthefeedstock.Themainsubjectofthisstudyisdividedint
6、othreeparts:Thefirst,theparametersoftheproductionofbiodieselwassettledasbelow:themolarratiosofmethanoltooilisintherangeof4:1~12:1,quantityofacidcatalystisintherangeof4wt%~12wt%,reactiontemperatureisintherangeof60℃~80℃andreactiontimerangesfrom90min~180min.Thesecond,13experim
7、entsweredesignedbythesinglefactormethodtodeterminetheoptimalparameters.After180minreaction,acidvaluesofreactedmixtureweredetectedandtheresultsshowedthattheoptimalconditionsofbiodieselproductionare:molarratiosofmethanoltooil,9:1;loadedacidcatalyst,6wt%;reactiontemperature,65
8、℃.Thelast,basedontheaboveresults,13experimentswereobtainedbyBOX-Behnkendesignandre