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1、淺析農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老問(wèn)題及對(duì)策摘要:隨著人民生活水平的逐年提升,人的平均壽命越來(lái)越長(zhǎng),根據(jù)全國(guó)居家養(yǎng)老狀況調(diào)查組委會(huì)提供的調(diào)查材料顯示統(tǒng)計(jì)和預(yù)測(cè),2013年底我國(guó)60歲以上老年人口已突破2億大關(guān),2025年將突破3億,2034年將突破4億,至2050年左右將達(dá)到峰值4.87億,屆時(shí)每三個(gè)人中就有一個(gè)老年人,目前我國(guó)是世界上唯一的老年人口超過(guò)1億的國(guó)家。隨著現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展,大批農(nóng)村剩余勞動(dòng)力流入城市,農(nóng)村地區(qū)出現(xiàn)了很多空巢老人現(xiàn)象。農(nóng)村地區(qū)老年人在空巢現(xiàn)象加重、家庭地位發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移、養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)起不到良好作用的狀況下,農(nóng)村老年人的精神負(fù)擔(dān)和生活負(fù)擔(dān)越來(lái)越重,而相當(dāng)一部分農(nóng)村老
2、年人的生活處于相對(duì)和絕對(duì)的貧困狀態(tài),養(yǎng)老問(wèn)題面臨著嚴(yán)重困境。不難想象,在新的世紀(jì),農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老問(wèn)題將是我國(guó)最大的社會(huì)問(wèn)題之一。本文分析了如今中國(guó)農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老的概況,揭露了中國(guó)農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老存在的一些突出問(wèn)題,并歸納了養(yǎng)老的幾種主要模式。以山西省侯馬市上馬辦為例,論述了養(yǎng)老的現(xiàn)狀、存在問(wèn)題,探討了農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老難的主要原因,重點(diǎn)論述了解決農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老問(wèn)題的對(duì)策建議。關(guān)鍵詞:農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老老人BriefAnalysisonRuralOld-ageCareandtheCountermeasures——ShangmaOfficeofTownship,HoumaCounty,LinfenCity
3、,ShanxiProvinceasanExampleAbstract:Withtheyearlyincreasinglifestandard,theaveragelifespanofhumanbeingsislongerandlonger.Accordingtothestatisticsandforecastsprovidedbynationalorganizingcommitteeofhome-basedcareservicestatus,theoldpopulationoversixtyhasbrokenthroughtwohundredmillion
4、attheendof2013,whichwillbeoverthreehundredmillionin2025,overfourhundredmillionin2034,andarriveatthepeaknumberoffourpointeighty-sevenhundredmillionin2050whenalmostoneinthreeisanoldman.Chinaistheonlycountryofwhichthepopulationoftheagedisoveronehundredmillionatpresent.Largenumbersofs
5、urplusrurallaborbegintotransfertocitieswiththedevelopmentofmodernization,resultingintheappearanceofmanyemptynesters.Underthecircumstancesofthecontinuouslyincreasingemptynesters,thetransferenceoffamilystatus,andtheincompletefunctionsofthepensionagencies,Chinaisfacedwithmanydifficul
6、tiesinsolvingruralold-agecareproblem.Thereexistmuchpressureoftheagedvillagersinboththeirspiritsandlives,whilequiteafewagingpeople’slivesareinarelativeorabsolutestatusofpoverty.It’snowonderthatthevillageretirementproblemwillbecomeoneofthemostcrucialsocialissuesinthe21stcentury.This
7、paperwillanalyzethegeneralsituation,disclosesomeprominentproblemsoftheruralold-agesysteminChinanowadays,andthusinduceseveralmainmodesofnursingtheaged.ShangmaOfficeofTownship,HoumaCounty,LinfenCity,ShanxiProvinceistakenasanexampletotalkaboutthepresentstatusandexistingproblemsofrura
8、lold-agecare,exploremainreasonsfo