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1、生態(tài)工程領域微生物菌劑研究進展摘要:闡述了微生物菌劑在生態(tài)工程領域的應用范圍、效果和國內(nèi)外的研究狀況,總結了目前微生物菌劑研制中菌種的選育方法和常用的幾類菌,并通過系統(tǒng)舉例介紹了乳酸菌、酵母菌、光合細菌、芽孢桿菌這些常用菌種在污染物處理方面的效果及在廢水處理生態(tài)工程方面的相關研究進展。同時,闡明了微生物混合培養(yǎng)技術在復合菌劑研究中的重要性,對微生物菌劑的作用機理進行了探討,指出了目前關于微生物菌劑的研究大多只是集中于應用效果方面,而對作用機理研究得不夠深入,以及復合菌系中微生物相互作用和影響的復雜性,并對此提出了一些建議。最后,對微生物菌劑的應用前景進行了展望。關鍵詞:微生物菌劑;混
2、合培養(yǎng);乳酸菌;酵母菌;光合細菌;芽孢桿菌ResearchprogressofmicrobialagentsinecologicalengineeringAbstract:Microbialagentsespeciallythosecomposedbyavarietyofmicroorganismswithdifferentdegradationfunctionsandsymbioticrelationshipinanappropriateratioorpreparedbymixedculturewereanimportantresearchingareainappliedmicro
3、biologyrecently,whichaccomplishtransformingscientifictheoriesintopracticalproductiveforces.Microbialagentshavebeengraduallyusedinsomeaspectsofecologicalengineeringtoregulatetheecologicalbalanceandprotecttheenvironment,suchasplanting,breedingandpollutanttreatment,andhaveachievedgoodresults,espec
4、iallyinenvironmentalprotection.Theirsignificantadvantageshavebeenwidelyrecognized.Usingmicroorganismstosolveenvironmentalpollutionhasagoodprospect,thatiswhymoreandmorepeoplearecommittedtotheresearchanddevelopmentofmicrobialagents.Since1970,someproductsofcomplexmicrobialagentsweredevelopedinEuro
5、pe,AmericaandJapan,andwerestartedlargescaleproductions.Themicrobialagentswerefirstlyappliedtotreatingsewage,industrialwastewater,andotherchemicalpollutions.Inthispaper,theapplyingscope,effectsandmechanismofmicrobialagentsinthefieldofecologicalengineeringweresummarized,frominternationalanddomest
6、icliteratures.Thestrainsbreedingmethodsandseveraltypesofbacteriacommonlyusedinthedevelopmentofmicrobialagentsaresummedup.Andtheeffectsofwastewatertreatingprojectsofthroughapplyinglacticacidbacteria,yeast,photosyntheticbacteria,bacilluswereintroducedthroughsomeexamples.Meanwhile,mixedmicrobialcu
7、ltureandtheinteractingmechanismsinthestudyofmicrobialagentswerediscussed.Manystudiesshowedthatthedegradationortransformoforganicmattersneedscooperationbyvariestypesofmicroorganisms,andthecomplexbiologicalandchemicalinteractioncoul