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1、三江平原寒地稻田蒸散量估算研究 摘要:基于非稱重式蒸滲儀測定的寒地稻田實際蒸散量,探討波文比能量平衡法和Penman-Monteith參考作物蒸散-作物系數(shù)法(PM-Kc模型)在寒地稻田蒸散量計算中的適用性。結(jié)果表明,波文比能量平衡法估算的蒸散量較實測蒸散量偏低9.1%,但總體有較好的相關(guān)性(R2=0.87);校正后的PM-Kc模型低估了水稻生長中期和后期的累積ET,但其相對誤差均小于10%,而生長初期,PM-Kc模型得到的累積ET比實測的累積ETa高19.34%,以生長初期為例進一步分析PM-Kc模型與實際蒸散ETa的關(guān)系,展現(xiàn)了隨著間隔日數(shù)的增加,RMSE、MAE有降低的趨勢,一
2、致性系數(shù)d有提高的趨勢,PM-Kc模型得到的7日平均模擬實際蒸散與實測蒸散數(shù)據(jù)最為接近?! £P(guān)鍵詞:寒地稻田;蒸散;估算;波文比能量平衡法;Penman-Monteith參考作物蒸散-作物系數(shù)法 中圖分類號:S161.4文獻標識碼:A文章編號:0439-8114(2016)10-2525-04 DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.10.019 Abstract:Basedontheactualevapotranspirationofcoldricemeasuredbythenon-weighinglysimeter,theapplicab
3、ilityoftheBowenratioenergybalancemethodandthePenman-Monteithreferenceevapotranspiration-cropcoefficientmethod(PM-Kcmodel)inthe7estimationoftheevapotranspirationofcoldricewasdiscussed.TheresultsshowedthattheevapotranspirationestimatedbytheBowenratioenergybalancemethodwas9.1%lowerthanthemeasuredac
4、tualevapotranspiration,butoveralltherewasagoodcorrelationbetweenthem,withtheR2of0.87.ThecorrectedPM-KcmodelunderestimatedthecumulativeETofcoldriceinthemedium-termgrowthandthelate-termgrowthstage,buttherelativeerrorwaslessthan10%,whilethecumulativeETofcoldriceinthestageofearlygrowthestimatedbythe
5、PM-Kcmodelwas19.34%higherthanthemeasuredactualcumulativeET.ItwasshownthatRMSEandMAEdecreasedwhiletheconsistencycoefficientincreasedwiththeincreaseofthenumberofintervaldays,throughthefurtheranalysisoftherelationshipbetweentheestimatedevapotranspirationandthemeasuredactualevapotranspirationofcoldr
6、iceinthestageofearlygrowth.Andthe7days’averageevapotranspirationestimatedbyPM-Kcmodelwasclosesttothemeasuredactualevapotranspiration. Keywords:coldricefields;evapotranspiration;estimation;bowenratioenergybalancemethod;Penman-Monteithreferenceevapotranspirationcropcoefficientmodel7 作物的農(nóng)田蒸散是農(nóng)業(yè)用水
7、的主要組成部分,是一定時段內(nèi)作物蒸騰和土壤棵間蒸發(fā)之和,它與氣象因素、土壤的供水狀況以及作物種類和長勢有關(guān)[1]。準確估算和模擬植被蒸散可為提高水分利用效率、合理配置水資源及生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可持續(xù)經(jīng)營管理提供科學依據(jù)[2-5]。蒸散觀測和蒸散量的估算也是農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水研究的基礎(chǔ),農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水措施的制定關(guān)鍵是需要準確測定和估算農(nóng)田的實際蒸散量。三江平原是中國的9大商品糧基地之一,是中國典型的灌溉農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū),如何有效地利用有限的水資源,滿足農(nóng)作物正常需水是當?shù)剞r(nóng)業(yè)面臨的