資源描述：
《牙刷和牙膏的前世今生》由會員上傳分享，免費在線閱讀，更多相關內(nèi)容在學術論文-天天文庫。
1、牙刷和牙膏的前世今生 HistoryofToothbrushes牙刷的歷史 Toothbrushingtoolsdatebackto3500～3000BCwhentheBabyloniansandtheEgyptiansmadeabrushbyfraying1）theendofatwig.TombsoftheancientEgyptianshavebeenfoundcontainingtoothsticksalongsidetheirowners.Around1600BC，theChinesedeveloped"chewingsticks"tofreshenbreathwhic
2、hweremadefromaromatic2）treetwigs. TheChinesearebelievedtohaveinventedthefirstnaturalbristle3）toothbrushinthe15thcentury，madefromthebristlesfrompigs'necksattachedtoaboneorbamboohandle.WhenitwasbroughtfromChinatoEurope，thisdesignwasadaptedandoftenusedsofterhorsehairs，whichmanyEuropeanspreferred
3、.OtherdesignsinEuropeusedfeathers. ThefirsttoothbrushofamoremoderndesignwasmadebyWilliamAddisinEnglandaround1780―thehandlewascarvedfromcattleboneandthebrushportionwasstillmadefromswine4）bristles.In1844，thefirst3-rowbristlebrushwasdesigned. NaturalbristlesweretheonlysourceofbristlesuntilDuPon
4、t5）inventednylon.Theinventionofnylonstartedthedevelopmentof8thetrulymoderntoothbrushin1938，andbythe1950ssofternylonbristleswerebeingmade，aspeoplepreferredthese.Thefirstelectrictoothbrushwasmadein1939andthefirstelectrictoothbrushintheUSwastheBroxodentin1960. Today，bothmanualandelectrictoothbru
5、shescomeinmanyshapesandsizesandaretypicallymadeofplasticmoldedhandlesandnylonbristles.Themostrecenttoothbrushmodelsincludehandlesthatarestraight，angled，curved，andcontoured6）withgripsandsoftrubberareastomakethemeasiertoholdanduse.Toothbrushbristlesareusuallysynthetic7）andrangefromverysofttosoft
6、intexture8），althoughharderbristleversionsareavailable.Toothbrushheadsrangefromverysmallforyoungchildrentolargersizesforolderchildrenandadultsandcomeinavarietyofshapessuchasrectangular，oblong9），ovalandalmostround. ThebasicfundamentalshavenotchangedsincethetimesoftheEgyptiansandBabylonians―ahan
7、dletogrip，andabristle-likefeaturewithwhichtocleantheteeth.Overitslonghistory，thetoothbrushhasevolvedtobecomeascientificallydesignedtoolusingmodernergonomic10）designsandsafeandhygienicmaterials.8 刷牙工具的出現(xiàn)最早可以追溯到公元前3500～3000年，當時古巴比倫人和古埃及人
