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1、摘要超導(dǎo)材料作為一種新型的材料以其優(yōu)異的特性向人類(lèi)展示著其巨大的應(yīng)用前景。超導(dǎo)技術(shù)作為一種新型的技術(shù)也越來(lái)越廣泛地被人類(lèi)應(yīng)用到各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。本文介紹了超導(dǎo)的發(fā)現(xiàn)及發(fā)展歷史、超導(dǎo)的形成機(jī)理（BCS理論以及高溫超導(dǎo)理論的幾種猜想）、高溫超導(dǎo)材料的探究發(fā)現(xiàn)以及超導(dǎo)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用。超導(dǎo)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用有著巨大的潛力和發(fā)展前景。隨著人類(lèi)對(duì)超導(dǎo)認(rèn)識(shí)的增加人類(lèi)也越來(lái)越重視超導(dǎo)材料的開(kāi)發(fā)和超導(dǎo)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用以及對(duì)高溫超導(dǎo)理論的研究。在新型超導(dǎo)材料探索方面主要有：有機(jī)聚合物,二硼化鎂，碳60，碳70等。在超導(dǎo)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用方面主要有：超導(dǎo)電纜、超導(dǎo)變壓器、超導(dǎo)限流器、超導(dǎo)SIS混頻接收器以及超導(dǎo)磁懸浮列車(chē)等。關(guān)鍵詞:超導(dǎo)電性
2、；BCS理論；超導(dǎo)材料；超導(dǎo)應(yīng)用39ABSTRACTABSTRACTSuperconductingmaterialsasanewtypeofmaterialshowsagreatapplicationprospectforitsexcellentcharacteristics.And,superconductingtechnologyasanewtypeoftechnologyisalsousedmoreandmorewidelyinvariousfields.Theaticlemainlyintroduces:thefirstisthehistoryofdevelopmentsofs
3、uperconductinganditsdiscovery,thesecondistheformationmechanismofthesuperconducting(thetheoryofBCSandseveralguessestothetheoryofhightemperaturesuperconducting),thethirdistheexplorationanddiscoveryofthehightemperaturesuperconductingmaterialsandtheapplicationofthesuperconductingtechnology.Theapplic
4、ationofthesuperconductingtechnologyownshugepotentialandthedevelopmentoftheprospect.Alongwiththeknowledgeofsuperconductingincreasing,weshouldpaymoreandmoreattentiontothedevelopmentofthesuperconductingmaterialsandtheapplicationofthesuperconductingtechnologyandthetheoryofhightemperaturesuperconduct
5、ing.Intheaspectofsuperconductorexplorationmainlycontainsorganicpolymer,twomgb2,carbon60,carbon70andetc.Intheaspectoftheapplicationofsuperconductingtechnologyismainlycontainssuperconductingcables,superconductingtransformer,superconductingfaultcurrentlimiter,superconductingSISfrequencymixingreceiv
6、erandsuperconductingmaglevtrain,andetc.Keywords:Superconductivity;thetheoryofBCS;Superconductingmaterial;theapplicationofsuperconductingtechnology39目錄摘要IABSTRACTII目錄III第一章前言1第二章超導(dǎo)發(fā)展歷程32.1超導(dǎo)的發(fā)現(xiàn)32.1.1超導(dǎo)物理之父—?？恕た┝帧ぐ簝?nèi)斯32.1.2液化氦氣成功為超導(dǎo)的發(fā)現(xiàn)奠定基礎(chǔ)32.1.3首次發(fā)現(xiàn)超導(dǎo)42.1.4零電阻效應(yīng)的證實(shí)42.2超導(dǎo)技術(shù)的發(fā)展歷程52.2.1BCS理論的發(fā)現(xiàn)與證實(shí)52.
7、2.2高溫超導(dǎo)材料的發(fā)展6第三章超導(dǎo)微觀機(jī)制73.1超導(dǎo)特性73.1.1零電阻效應(yīng)73.1.2邁斯納效應(yīng)73.1.3約瑟夫森效應(yīng)83.2超導(dǎo)的三個(gè)臨界參量93.2.1超導(dǎo)材料的臨界溫度93.2.2超導(dǎo)材料的臨界磁場(chǎng)113.2.3超導(dǎo)材料的臨界電流113.3低溫超導(dǎo)的微觀機(jī)制123.3.1二流體模型123.3.2同位素效應(yīng)123.3.3庫(kù)珀對(duì)133.3.4BCS理論143.3.5倫敦方程16393.4高溫超導(dǎo)體163.4.1高溫超導(dǎo)體材料特性16
