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1、摘要高等教育質(zhì)量一直是我國(guó)社會(huì)各界關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。近年來(lái),作為高等教育質(zhì)量保障措施的重要組成部分,各種形式的教學(xué)評(píng)估、學(xué)情調(diào)查等較為盛行,但極少有研究是基于課堂觀察來(lái)描述與分析本科課堂教學(xué)。而通過(guò)研究者的實(shí)際觀察來(lái)揭示本科課堂教學(xué)真實(shí)狀態(tài),并有針對(duì)性地提出改善本科課堂教學(xué)的對(duì)策建議,對(duì)提高高等教育質(zhì)量具有較重要的理論意義與現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本研究以xx大學(xué)為例,運(yùn)用自編的課堂教學(xué)觀察量表,選取該大學(xué)文理工管四類學(xué)院、三年級(jí)的73堂課進(jìn)行觀察,最終有效課堂觀察數(shù)量為69個(gè)。通過(guò)對(duì)課堂觀察數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),xx大學(xué)本科課堂教學(xué)中,教師教學(xué)整體處于中高水平,學(xué)
2、生學(xué)習(xí)整體處于中低水平。且通過(guò)教師職稱、課程類型、學(xué)科類型和課堂規(guī)模四個(gè)維度上的比較分析發(fā)現(xiàn),四個(gè)維度對(duì)本科課堂教學(xué)均存在不同程度的影響。綜合來(lái)看,xx大學(xué)本科課堂教學(xué)既有其突出優(yōu)點(diǎn),也存在著一些不足。比如xx大學(xué)本科課堂教學(xué)中,語(yǔ)言、非語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用恰當(dāng),教師性格隨和、教學(xué)態(tài)度認(rèn)真,講授準(zhǔn)確清晰、層次分明。但教學(xué)方法單一,缺乏師生互動(dòng);教學(xué)媒體和手段運(yùn)用效果不佳;教學(xué)內(nèi)容枯燥乏味;學(xué)生課堂學(xué)習(xí)缺乏主動(dòng)性;低職稱教師教學(xué)效果不佳;文科課堂紀(jì)律較差;大規(guī)模課堂教學(xué)效果較差。針對(duì)以上問(wèn)題,要改善課堂教學(xué),提高xx大學(xué)本科教學(xué)質(zhì)量需要做到以下幾點(diǎn):靈活運(yùn)用教學(xué)
3、方法,靈活運(yùn)用教學(xué)媒體和手段,增加教學(xué)內(nèi)容的生活性、學(xué)科前沿性,鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí),低職稱教師要加強(qiáng)培訓(xùn)學(xué)習(xí),加強(qiáng)文科課堂管理,合理安排課堂規(guī)模。關(guān)鍵詞:本科課堂教學(xué)課堂觀察觀察量表IAbstractThequalityofhighereducationhasbeenthefocusofattentioninthesocialfromallwalksoflifeinourcountry.Inrecentyears,asanimportantpartofthehighereducationqualityassurancemeasures,various
4、formsofteachingevaluationandthesurveyoflearninghavebeenpopular,buttherehasbeenlittlestudybasingonclassroomobservationtodescribeandanalyzeundergraduateclassroomteaching.Whiletorevealthetruestateofundergraduateclassroomteachingthroughactualobservationofresearchers,andtoputforwar
5、dsomecountermeasuresandsuggestionstoimprovetheundergraduateclassroomteaching,willhaveimportantthetheorysignificanceandthepracticalsignificancetoimprovethequalityofhighereducation.Thisresearchtakesxxuniversityasanexample,usingtheself-madeobservationscaleforclassroomteaching.Thi
6、sstudyselected73classesfromjunioroffourclassesofcollege,thatistheliberalartscollege,sciencecollege,engineeringcollegeandmanagementcollege,andthefinaleffectivenumberofclassroomobservationis69.Accordingtotheobservationdataanalysis,fromanoverallpointofview,thexxuniversityteachers
7、’teachingintheclassroomteachingisinthehighlevelandstudents’learningintheoverallisinthelowlevel.Fromfourdimensionsofteachers'professionaltitle,curriculumtype,subjecttypeandtheclasssize,fourdimensionstherearedifferentdegreesofimpactontheundergraduateclassroomteaching.Onthewhole,
8、xxuniversityundergraduateclassroomteachinghasitsadvantagesasw