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1、力、電作用下的Coble蠕變摘要Coble蠕變本來是一個比較經(jīng)典的問題,指在高溫作用下由晶界擴散引起的蠕變。由高溫引起的超塑性在很多金屬材料中都被研究過。但是隨著科技的不斷進步,越來越多的新型材料的出現(xiàn),特別是納米材料,一些科學家通過實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)納米晶體在較低的溫度或室溫情況下就會發(fā)生超塑性。目前的實驗表明,納米晶體材料的超塑性機理是由晶界擴散(Coble蠕變)引起的,但是在晶粒尺寸、形狀不變的情況下,為什么會發(fā)生這么大的變形,現(xiàn)有的模型和理論還是不能解釋這種新奇的變形行為。本文主要研究在力、電作用下的多晶金屬材料的Coble蠕變。己有的研究
2、局限于單向應力作用下的蠕變,而大部分結(jié)構(gòu)的蠕變都發(fā)生在復雜應力下。本文研究了單向應力、復雜應力狀態(tài)下的Coble蠕變問題。同時,由于薄膜材料的發(fā)展,以及電子元件日趨微型化的要求,研究材料在電場作用下的晶界蠕變也成為當前微電子器件可靠性分析需要解決的問題。本文首次建立了在電場作用下的Coble蠕變的解析解。關鍵詞:Coble蠕變,晶界擴散,界面擴散,應力遷移,電遷移CoblecreepinpolycrystallinemetallicmaterialsinducedbystressandelectromigrationAbstractCob
3、lecreepisaclassicalproblemoriginally.Itmeansthecreepinducedbygrainboundarydiffusionundertheconditionofhightemperature.Superplasticbehaviorhasbeenresearchedinavarietyofmetallicsystemsduringhightemperaturedeformation.Astheprogressoftechnologies,especiallytheappearanceofnewm
4、aterials,thepossibilityofsuperplasticityinnanometer-crystallinematerialsatlowtemperatures,evenatroomtemperature,isreportedinmolecular-dynamicssimulationsandinexperimentalevidences.Ithasbeenverifiedthatthemechanismofthesuperplasticityinnanometer-crystallinematerialswasgene
5、ratedbythegrainboundarydiffusion(CobleCreep).Oneoftherecurringquestionsinsuperplasticitybehavioristhemannerbywhichthepolycrystallineaggregateasawholedeformsplasticallywithoutchanginggrainshapeandsize,especiallywhenanelongationof5,000%wasobservedinnanocrystallinecopperatro
6、omtemperature.Thisnovelbehavoircouldnotbeexplainedbypresentmodelsandtheories.Inthispaperwepresentamodelandderiveanalyticalsolutionsforstressandelectromigration-inducedCoblecreepinpolycrystallinemetallicmaterialstoexplaintheobservednovelsuperplasticitybehavior.Thecreepdriv
7、enbyuniaxialstresshasbeenextensivelyresearched,butinpracticemostofcreepoccursincomplexstressstates.Inthispaper,weconsiderthecreepnotonlyinuniaxialstressbutalsoinbiaxialstressstatesbasedonanextendedLeemodel.Inaddition,Electromigrationdrivenatomicdiffusioninmetalshasbeengen
8、eratingtremendousresearchinterestbothasamechanismofplasticdeformationandasafailuremechanismofint