資源描述:
《低相變點(diǎn)堆焊焊條的研制》由會(huì)員上傳分享,免費(fèi)在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在學(xué)術(shù)論文-天天文庫(kù)。
1、摘要隨著工業(yè)的高速發(fā)展,機(jī)械行業(yè)的鋼消耗量越來(lái)越大,機(jī)械零部件的損壞往往是由于有些工件局部或者表面的一點(diǎn)受到長(zhǎng)期磨損從而形成疲勞破壞造成的,利用堆焊修復(fù)除了可以顯著延長(zhǎng)工件的壽命,節(jié)省制造和維修費(fèi)用,還可以獲得優(yōu)異的綜合性能。因此,研究出一種焊后不開(kāi)裂,又具有高耐磨性的堆焊材料,具有顯著的社會(huì)效益和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。本文基于鋼鐵材料在冷卻過(guò)程中相變體積膨脹原理,以及影響材料耐磨性的因素,在分析各種元素對(duì)Ms點(diǎn)的影響和對(duì)焊縫金屬機(jī)械性能的影響的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)兩輪的壓制焊條試驗(yàn),研制出一種新型低相變點(diǎn)堆焊焊條。通過(guò)對(duì)低相變點(diǎn)堆焊焊條的殘余應(yīng)力的測(cè)試,焊縫金屬在縱
2、向和橫向上均獲得了殘余壓縮應(yīng)力,可以顯著降低焊縫金屬的開(kāi)裂傾向,另外,通過(guò)測(cè)試焊縫金屬的馬氏體轉(zhuǎn)變溫度,深入了解了焊接殘余應(yīng)力和馬氏體相變開(kāi)始溫度之間的規(guī)律。利用所研制的焊條堆焊的焊縫與45#鋼進(jìn)行耐磨性對(duì)比測(cè)試,測(cè)試結(jié)果表明:本文所設(shè)計(jì)的低相變點(diǎn)耐磨堆焊焊條的耐磨性遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了45#鋼,通過(guò)金相顯微鏡、掃描電鏡等儀器,對(duì)焊縫金屬的顯微組織和化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行了分析,探討了了材料組織、硬度和化學(xué)成分對(duì)材料耐磨性的影響,從而使焊條的性能得到優(yōu)化。關(guān)鍵詞:低相變點(diǎn);堆焊;抗裂性;殘余壓縮應(yīng)力ABSTRACTTheconsumptionofironandstee
3、lmaterialsislargerwiththefastdevelopmentofMechanicalindustry.ThedamageofMechanicalunitsisalwayscausedbvfatiguefailure,whichisinducedbythewearingofsmallparsoftheunits.Thefixingofsurfacingweldingnotonlycanprolonglifeandsavethecostsofmanufacturing,butalsocanimprovecombinedpropert
4、ies.Therefore,thestudiesoftheseweldingmaterials,whichcanpreventfromcrackingandhavehighwear-resistance,haveremarkablebenefitsinsocietyandeconomy.Basedontheprincipalofthevolumeexpansionduringthecoolingthatsteelmaterialstransformfromaustenitetomartensite,andtheaffectingfactorsofw
5、earingreslstance,andtheanalysisoftheinfluenceofchemicalelementsontheMsandcombinedproperties,thelowtransformationtemperaturesurfacingweldingelectrodehasbeendesigned.Theresidualstressaroundweldedseamisresidualcompressionstressbothinlongitudinalandtransversebymeansofresidualstres
6、stesting,SOthetendencyofcrackingwasremarkablyreduced.Besides,thepapermadedeeplyanalysisontherelationshipbetweentransformationtemperatureofmartensiteandresidualStreSsthroughthetestingoftransformationtemperatureofmartensite.Contrasttobasemetal(steel45拌),theweldedjointsmadebydesi
7、gnedelectrodehaveberetwearresistanceproperty.Thepaperprovidesananalysisofthemlcrostructuresandchemicalcontentswithopticalmicroscopescanningelectronmicroscope,discussedtheinfluenceofmicrostructures、hardnessandchemicalcontentsonthematerialwear-resistance,thepropertiesofelectrode
8、hasbeenoptimized.KEYWORDS:lowtransformationtemperature,surfac