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1、沈陽(yáng)工業(yè)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文摘要鋁合金具有密度小、易加工、熱膨脹系數(shù)低、熱導(dǎo)率高、比剛度和比強(qiáng)度高等優(yōu)異性能,在航空、航天以及動(dòng)力機(jī)械中得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。但是鋁合金存在強(qiáng)度不高、耐磨性較差以及易腐蝕等諸多問題,限制了其應(yīng)用范圍。本文采用激光熔覆技術(shù)在AA6061鋁合金表面制備了NiCrBSi合金涂層,以期提高鋁合金表面的耐磨損及腐蝕性能。將NiCrBSi合金粉末預(yù)涂覆于6061鋁合金表面,采用高功率連續(xù)波2kWNd-YAG固體激光器進(jìn)行激光熔覆處理,并利用現(xiàn)代微觀分析技術(shù)和性能檢測(cè)手段,對(duì)熔覆層的組織結(jié)構(gòu)、成分分布、摩擦磨
2、損性能、電化學(xué)腐蝕性能及空泡腐蝕行為進(jìn)行了研究。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,采用合適的激光熔覆工藝參數(shù)和氬氣保護(hù),可以在鋁合金表面獲得致密的、且與基體呈現(xiàn)良好冶金結(jié)合的Ni-A1合金激光表面改性層,其改性層組織主要為NiAI、Ni3Al、NiAl3、A13Ni2金屬間化合物;激光熔覆層的硬度高達(dá)HV900,與基材6061鋁相比,摩擦磨損性能提高4倍以上,磨損的失效形式是硬質(zhì)Ni-A1金屬間化合物枝晶的脆性斷裂。6061鋁合金表面激光熔覆NiCrBSi合金,極大地提高了基材在模擬海水溶液中的電化學(xué)腐蝕性能。但由于熔覆層中存在大量的金
3、屬間化合物,因而與基材相比,熔覆層的鈍化能力減弱。6061鋁合金表面激光熔覆NiCrBSi合金,可使其在模擬海水溶液中的空泡腐蝕性能提高2倍以上,在腐蝕介質(zhì)和動(dòng)應(yīng)力綜合作用下,其空泡腐蝕破壞是以動(dòng)應(yīng)力.孑L腐蝕.晶間腐蝕的破壞機(jī)制進(jìn)行的。關(guān)鍵詞:激光熔覆,鋁合金,NiCrBSi合金,空泡腐蝕鋁合金表面激光熔覆NiCrBSi合金的組織和性能MicrostruetureandPropertiesofNiCrBSiLaserCladLayer011AA6061AluminiumAlloyAluminiumalloys黜co
4、nsideredasthemostversatilematerialsinthevehideindustryfortheirhighthermaldiffusivity,highst呦gthtoweighratioandloweast.Howe,ccr,theirlows仃engthandhal-dlless.pOOl'frictionandwe越resistancelimitedwiderprevailing.Inthispaper.NiCrBSialloycoatingswe糟preparedbylasercla
5、ddingtoimprovethepropertiesofaluminiumalloy.NiCrBSipowderWaSmixedwithabindingagentandthenpaintedontotheroughenIxlblll'faceof6061A1forlasercladdingusingahie,la-powerNd-YAGlaser.Themierostruetureandpropertiesofthedadlayerw啪investigatedbymodemmicro-analysistechniq
6、uesandperformanceanalysisfacility.Experimentalr懿ttltsindicatedthatwhenArgonwasusedasshieldinggas,densecoatin轤Callbefabricatedwimtheoptil3aulnprocessingparameters.Thelayerhadsmoothandcontinuous飄Ⅱfhcc.a(chǎn)ndgoodmetallurgicalbondingwiththesubsla'ate.Thecladlayerconsi
7、stedofintermetalliephasesofNiAI,Ni3AI,NiAl3andA13Ni2intheformoffinedendriticstructures.低surfacehardness硼foundtObe∞high豁Hv900.mwearresistanceofthecladlayerWaS4limeshigherthantheas-receivedaluminiumalloyandthedamagemechanismisbrittlefractureoftlaedendriticsmletur
8、eofintermetalliecompoundsofNi-AI.11艟electrochemicalcorrosionpotentialofthedadlayerwasimproveddramatieaUycomparedwiththatoftheas-receivedaluminiumalloy.I"IoweveI',passivation