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1、摘要從1994年至今,DNA計(jì)算已成為數(shù)學(xué)、生物學(xué)、化學(xué)、計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)等領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)研究熱點(diǎn),并解決了很多NP一完全問(wèn)題。如何減少編碼量大的問(wèn)題,即解決“指數(shù)爆炸”問(wèn)題,是DNA計(jì)算面臨諸多困難和主要技術(shù)問(wèn)題之一。這就需要我們對(duì)已有的算法進(jìn)行改進(jìn)或?qū)ふ倚碌乃惴āD壳?,DNA計(jì)算在計(jì)算原理可行性的論證上比較成熟,對(duì)于表面技術(shù)的研究還處在探索階段,隨著表面技術(shù)的日益成熟,DNA計(jì)算將會(huì)從理論走向?qū)嵺`。離散數(shù)學(xué)是數(shù)學(xué)的一個(gè)分支,離散數(shù)學(xué)中有諸多的NP一完全問(wèn)題,如:求主范式問(wèn)題,圖著色問(wèn)題,求傳遞閉包問(wèn)題,最大匹配問(wèn)題,旅行商問(wèn)題等等。目前,DNA計(jì)算是解決NP一一完全問(wèn)題最有效的方法,本
2、文采用DNA計(jì)算解決了離散數(shù)學(xué)中具有代表性的三個(gè)難計(jì)算問(wèn)題:命題邏輯中“求主范式問(wèn)題”;圖論中“圖著色問(wèn)題";集合論中“求傳遞閉包問(wèn)題"。本文首先介紹了DNA計(jì)算背景、現(xiàn)狀、原理與基本模型。然后,解決了離散數(shù)學(xué)中上述的三個(gè)問(wèn)題。第一,根據(jù)DNA發(fā)夾結(jié)構(gòu)的突出優(yōu)點(diǎn),即不需要特殊的生物操作,這樣從很大程度上減少了生物反應(yīng)時(shí)間,并且根據(jù)主范式的定義與DNA發(fā)夾結(jié)構(gòu)的定義知,完全可利用DNA發(fā)夾結(jié)構(gòu)模型,求解離散數(shù)學(xué)中命題公式的主范式;第二,利用DNA計(jì)算機(jī)模型,采取合理編碼使得解空間的生成基于三進(jìn)制,并采取逐步產(chǎn)生滿足定義的DNA鏈的方法,將離散數(shù)學(xué)中圖3一著色問(wèn)題的DNA分子鏈數(shù)由0
3、(3”)減少到了0(2”),這樣很好地解決了圖3—著色問(wèn)題中的“指數(shù)爆炸’’問(wèn)題,并給出了其應(yīng)用;第三,利用Adleman試管模型,借鑒Hamilton路徑問(wèn)題的思想,求解了難計(jì)算的傳遞閉包問(wèn)題。最后,總結(jié)了全文,討論DNA計(jì)算與數(shù)學(xué)的密切關(guān)系及其在數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的應(yīng)用,并討論了進(jìn)一步的研究方向。關(guān)鍵詞:DNA計(jì)算;可滿足性問(wèn)題;主范式;圖著色;傳遞閉包摘要AbstractDNAcomputinghasbeenatouchypointforresearchinmathematics,biology,chemisty,andcomputersciencefrom1994topresen
4、tdays.IthassolvedmanyproblemssuchasNPcompleteproblem.OneofmanydifficultiesandmaintechnologythatDNAcomputingfacesishowtoreducethelargecodingquantity,namely,toslove‘'indexexplosion'’problem.Asaresult,weshouldimprovetheexistingcomputingmethodsorfindoutnewcomputingways.Atpresent,DNAcomputingisdem
5、enstratedrelativelymuturelyincomputingtheoryfeasibilityandisstillexploringsurfacetechnology.Asthesurfacethnologycomestomature,DNAcomputingsurelytendstotransferfromlaborotarytomarket.DiscretemathematicsconsistsofSOmanyNPcompleteproblems.Theyareprincipalnormalformproblem,graphcoloringproblem,tr
6、ansitiveclosureproblem,maximummatchingproblem,andtravelquotient.Nowadays,DNAcomputingisthemosteffetivemethodforsolvingNPcompleteproblems.ThispapersolvesthreetypicalproblemsindiscretemathematicsbymeansofDNAcomputing.Theyareprincipalnormalformprobleminpropositionallogic,graphcoloringproblemingr
7、aphtheory,andtransitiveclosureprobleminsettheory.ThisarticleintroducesthebackgroundofDNAcomputering,currentsituation,principleandbasicmodelatfirst.Andthen,itsolvesthreecorrespondingproblems.Firstly,astypicaladvantageofDNAhairpinstructureistha