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1、摘要摘要在微波著陸系統(tǒng)的地面設(shè)備中,天線是一個不可缺少的組成部分。微波著陸系統(tǒng)制導(dǎo)信號的發(fā)射是采用的相控陣天線技術(shù)完成的,利用時基掃描波束技術(shù)向飛機提供有關(guān)方位角和俯仰角信息。方位臺和仰角臺兩副相控陣天線通過精確地控制波束以20000o/s的速率在自由空間進行往返掃描從而確保了非常高的著落引導(dǎo)精度。仰角臺天線方位面方向圖的寬度是一定的,這樣才能保證飛機在著陸的過程中能夠接到制導(dǎo)信號,此外為了保證飛機能夠準確著陸要盡可能的消除飛機場建筑物帶來的多路干擾效應(yīng)。本文將圍繞微波著陸系統(tǒng)仰角臺天線及其饋電系統(tǒng)、監(jiān)測波導(dǎo)的設(shè)計工作進行討論,其主要研究內(nèi)容及貢獻如下:相控陣單元天線采用對
2、稱振子的形式,通過TEM傳輸線引出一條導(dǎo)帶與同軸連接饋電給單元。為避免掃描盲點的出現(xiàn)天線采用垂直極化。仰角臺天線陣列的口徑分布為泰勒分布。根據(jù)增益要求、柵瓣抑制條件、主瓣寬度等諸多因素最后確定了陣列最佳間距、最佳單元數(shù)。饋電網(wǎng)絡(luò)與天線一樣都是帶狀線的形式,由分級的wilkinson功分器設(shè)計而成。理論分析完成后再利用HFSS軟件進行仿真,整個功分器就設(shè)計完成。仰角臺天線的監(jiān)測波導(dǎo)采用窄邊開縫的矩形波導(dǎo)。根據(jù)理論分析和HFSS仿真完成整個監(jiān)測波導(dǎo)的設(shè)計。關(guān)鍵詞:單元天線、天線陣列、功分器、監(jiān)測波導(dǎo)I萬方數(shù)據(jù)ABSTRACTABSTRACTAntennaisanindispen
3、sablepartforthegroundequipmentofmicrowavelandingsystem.Themicrowavelandingsystemtransmitsguidancesignalbythephasedarrayantennatechnology.ThegroundequipmentofmicrowavelandingsystemprovidestheinformationoftheazimuthAngleandelevationAngletotheplaneusingtimebasescanningtechnology.Theazimuthtra
4、nsmitterphasedarrayantennaandtheelevationtransmitterphasedarrayantennathroughpreciselycontrolthebeamscanbackandforthatarateofabout20000o/sinfreespacetoensurethatthelandingguidanceaccuracyisveryhigh.Inordertoensuretheguidancesignalcanbereceivedintheprocessoflanding,theazimuthplanepatternoft
5、heelevationantennamusthasacertainwidth.Multipathinterferenceeffectoftheairportbuildingmustbeeliminatedtoguaranteethattheaircraftcanaccuratelyland.Thisarticlewillrevolvearoundtheelevationantennaandthefeedersystem,themonitoringofwaveguide,themainresearchcontentsandcontributionareasfollows:Th
6、eelementofthephasedarrayissymmetricaldipolewhichfedbyTEMtransmissionline.Inordertoavoidtheblindspotduringthescanningprocessverticalpolarizationisusedinthissystem.TheaperturedistributionoftheelevationtransmitterphasedlinerarrayisTaylordistribution.Thebestspacingandtheoptimalunitnumberofthel
7、inerarrayisfinallydeterminedtakingintoconsiderationthegain,gratinglobesuppressioncondition,mainlobewidthandsoon.ThestripfeednetworksforphasedarrayisconstructedbyallknownWilkinsonpower-divider.Tomakesurethestructureofthepower-dividerthetheoreticalcalculationsho