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1、外文原文MechanicalDesignAbstract:Amachineisacombinationofmechanismsandothercomponentswhichtransforms,transmits.Examplesareengines,turbines,vehicles,hoists,printingpresses,washingmachines,andmoviecameras.Manyoftheprinciplesandmethodsofdesignthatapplytomachinesalsoapplytomanufactureda
2、rticlesthatarenottruemachines.Theterm"mechanicaldesign"isusedinabroadersensethan"machinedesign"toincludetheirdesign.themotionandstructuralaspectsandtheprovisionsforretentionandenclosureareconsiderationsinmechanicaldesign.Applicationsoccurinthefieldofmechanicalengineering,andinot
3、herengineeringfieldsaswell,allofwhichrequiremechanicaldevices,suchasswitches,cams,valves,vessels,andmixers.Keywords:MechanicalDesignmechanismsDesignProcessTheDesignProcessDesigningstartswithaneedreal.Existingapparatusmayneedimprovementsindurability,efficiency,weight,speed,orcost
4、.Newapparatusmaybeneededtoperformafunctionpreviouslydonebymen,suchascomputation,assembly,orservicing.WiththeobjectivewhollyorpartlyInthedesignpreliminarystage,shouldallowtodesignthepersonnelfullytodisplaythecreativity,noteachkindofrestraint.Evenifhashadmanyimpracticalideas,alsoc
5、aninthedesignearlytime,namelyinfrontoftheplanblueprintiscorrected.Onlythen,onlythendoesnotsendtostopsuptheinnovationthementality.Usually,mustproposeseveralsetsofdesignproposals,thenperformthecomparison.Hasthepossibilityverymuchintheplanwhichfinallydesignated,hasusedcertainnotinp
6、lansomeideaswhichaccepts.Whenthegeneralshapeandafewdimensionsoftheseveralcomponentsbecomeapparent,analysiscanbegininearnest.Theanalysiswillhaveasitsobjectivesatisfactoryorsuperiorperformance,plussafetyanddurabilitywithminimumweight,andacompetitivecost.Optimumproportionsanddimens
7、ionswillbesoughtforeachcriticallyloadedsection,togetherwithabalancebetweenthestrengthsoftheseveralcomponents.Materialsandtheirtreatmentwillbechosen.Theseimportantobjectivescanbeattainedonlybyanalysisbasedupontheprinciplesofmechanics,suchasthoseofstaticforreactionforcesandfortheo
8、ptimumutilizationoffriction;ofdynamicsforinerti
