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1、Chapter1ENERGYANDCOSTOPTIMIZATIONSINWIRELESSSENSORNETWORKS:ASURVEYVivekMhatreSchoolofElectricalandComputerEngineering,PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,IN47907-1285,USAPhone:(765)-494-0626mhatre@ecn.purdue.eduCatherineRosenbergDepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineering,UniversityofWaterloo,W
2、aterloo,Ontario,N2L3G1,CanadaPhone:519-888-4016,Fax:519-886-0619Correspondingauthorcath@ece.uwaterloo.caAbstractWepresentasurveyofsomeoftherecentworkonenergyandcostoptimizationsinwirelesssensornetworks.Sensornodesarecharacter-izedbysevereenergybudgetduetolimitedbatterylife.Wefocusontwomainp
3、roblemareas,namelyroutinganddesign.Insensornet-worksinwhichthenodesusemulti-hopcommunication,routingisamajorissue.Theroutingprobleminthecontextofsensornetworkre-tainssomeofthefeaturesoftheroutingprobleminad-hocnetworks,butalsohassomespeci ccharacteristicstoit,inparticularwithre-specttodata-
4、aggregation,addressing,andthemany-to-oneparadigm(eachsensornodewantingtosendthecollecteddatatoasinglebase-station).We rstdiscusstheworkdoneonenergyecientrouting,andthecorrespondingoptimizationproblemsformaximizingthelifetimeofthenetwork.Wethendiscusssomeoftheoptimizationproblemsinthedesign
5、anddimensioningofsensornetworks.Sincemostpotentialapplicationsenvisionedforsensornetworksrequirehighnodedensity,nodeheterogeneityandhierarchicalclusteringcouldbeusedforbetterscalabilityoftheprotocols.Wediscusstheresultsobtainedonenergy2andcostminimizationproblemsinthecontextofsuchclustereds
6、ensornetworks.1.IntroductionInthepastfewyears,the eldofwirelesssensornetworkshasbecomeakeyareaofresearch.Sensornetworks ndapplicationsinseveralmilitaryaswellasciviliandomains.SensornetworksalongwiththewidespreadInternetenableausertoremotelymonitoraphenomenonofinterest(seeFig.1.1).SeeAkyildi
7、zetal.(2002)foradetailedde-scriptionofpotentialsensornetworkapplications.Duetothead-hocnatureofsensornetworksandseverebatteryenergylimitations,energyecientprotocolsarerequiredatallthelayersoftheprotocolstack.Aniceoverviewoftherecentresultsonsensornetwor
