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1、南京航空航天大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文摘要無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)(WSN:WirelessSensorNetwork)是由隨機分布的、具有集成傳感器以及數(shù)據(jù)處理和通信模塊的微小節(jié)點、通過自組織方式構(gòu)成的網(wǎng)絡(luò),借助于傳感器節(jié)點自帶的傳感器可以監(jiān)測和采集周邊信號。本文研究并實現(xiàn)了基于TinyOS操作系統(tǒng)的WSN平臺。通過軟硬件結(jié)構(gòu)的精心設(shè)計,該平臺能夠滿足WSN系統(tǒng)資源嚴格受限、低功耗、低成本、高可靠性的特殊要求。本文首先對WSN系統(tǒng)進行了研究,闡述了系統(tǒng)分層結(jié)構(gòu)和軟硬件功能模塊劃分,并分析了WSN采用多跳方式組網(wǎng)的必要性。然后,本文針對WSN系統(tǒng)的兩種主要節(jié)點類型
2、――傳感器節(jié)點和匯集(sink)節(jié)點――進行了軟硬件設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)。完成了基于AVR單片機和CC2420無線芯片的傳感器節(jié)點硬件設(shè)計,并在深入研究傳感器節(jié)點操作系統(tǒng)TinyOS的設(shè)計思想和實現(xiàn)機制的基礎(chǔ)上,完成了基于TinyOS的傳感器節(jié)點應(yīng)用模塊設(shè)計;同時,在成功移植Linux操作系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上,實現(xiàn)了功能基本完備的sink節(jié)點。該sink節(jié)點能通過因特網(wǎng)實現(xiàn)WSN內(nèi)網(wǎng)和外網(wǎng)間通信。最后本文對當(dāng)前最主流的傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議簇ZigBee在傳感器節(jié)點上的實現(xiàn)進行了研究,并與前期實現(xiàn)的無操作系統(tǒng)傳感器節(jié)點進行了實驗對比,表明TinyOS操作系統(tǒng)相對于無操作
3、系統(tǒng)的傳感器節(jié)點具有性能穩(wěn)定、并發(fā)性操作效果好等優(yōu)點。論文結(jié)尾指出了進一步的研究方向。關(guān)鍵詞:無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò),TinyOS,ZigBee,嵌入式系統(tǒng),IEEE802.15.4i無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺研究與實現(xiàn)AbstractTheWSN(wirelesssensornetwork)isanad-hocnetworkwhichconsistofalargenumberofrandomlyscatteredtinysensor-nodes,eachofwhichisequippedwithasensor,data-processingandcommun
4、icationmodules.Withthesetinysensor-nodes,WSNcanmonitorandcollectambientinformation.ThispaperfocusedontheresearchandimplementationofTinyOS-basedWSNplatform.Withthecarefuldesignofthehardware&softwarearchitecture,theWSNplatformcanadapttothespecificrequirementsofWSNnodes,suchasr
5、estrictedresource,power-saving,low-cost,ruggednessandhigh-reliability.Firstly,WSNsystemisstudiedasawhole,theillustrationofthelayeredmodelandtheclassificationofsoftware&hardwarefunctionalmodulesisfollowed.Thenecessityofapplyingmulti-hoptoWSNnetworkingisalsogiven.Secondly,thes
6、oftware&hardwaredesignandimplementationforthetwomajorform-factorsofWSNnodes,sensornodeandsinknode,areprovided.ThehardwaredesignofasensornodeisgivenbasedonAVRMCUandRFtransceiverCC2420.AndtheTinyOS-basedsoftwareapplicationmoduleiscompletedafterdetailedresearchonthedesignphilos
7、ophyandimplementationmechanismofaWSNoperatingsystem,TinyOS.Inthemeantime,byportingLinuxtoWSNnodes,analmostfull-fledgedsinknodeisalsodesigned,whichcanbridgetheWSNandtheoutsidenetworkviaInternet.Lastly,asawidely-acceptedWSNprotocolsuites,ZigBeeanditsimplementationonsensornodes
8、arestudied.TheexperimentalcomparisonwiththesensornodewithoutWSNoperatingsys