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1、Availableonlineatwww.sciencedirect.comAdvancesinSpaceResearch47(2011)37–48www.elsevier.com/locate/asrAmodelofthee?ectsofheavyionradiationonhumantissuea,b,?cdeArtemL.Ponomarev,AlameluSundaresan,MarceloE.Vazquez,PeterGuida,ebAngelaKim,FrancisA.CucinottaaUSRA,3
2、600SpaceCenterBlvd.,Houston,TX77058,USAb2101NASAParkway,HumanAdaptationandCountermeasuresDivision,MailCodeSK,NASAJohnsonSpaceCenter,Houston,TX77058,USAc3100CleburneSt.,DepartmentofBiology,TexasSouthernUniversity,Houston,TX77004,USAdNationalSpaceBiomedicalRes
3、earchInstitute,BaylorCollegeofMedicine,OneBaylorPlaza,Houston,TX77030-3498,USAeBrookhavenNationalLaboratory,Upton,NY11973,USAReceived8January2010;receivedinrevisedform9July2010;accepted9August2010AbstractInheavyionradiotherapyandspacetravelhumansareexposedto
4、energeticheavyions(C,Si,Feandothers).Thistypeofirradiationoftenproducesmoreseverebiologicale?ectsperunitdosethanmorecommonX-rays.AnewMonteCarlomodelgeneratesaphysicalspacewiththecomplexgeometryofhumantissueoracellculturebasedmodeloftissue,whichisa?ectedbythe
5、passageofionizingradiation.Forirradiation,themodelreliesonaphysicalcodefortheiontrackstructure;fortissues,cellularmapsarederivedfromtwo-orthree-dimensionalconfocalmicroscopyimagesusingimagesegmentationalgorithm,whichde?nescellsaspixilatedvolumes.Themodelisus
6、edtostudytissue-speci?cstatisticsofdirectionhitsandtheremoteionactiononcells.Asanapplicationofthetechnique,weconsideredthespatialpatternofapoptoticcellsafterheavyionirradiation.Thepatternofapoptosisismodeledasastochasticpro-cess,whichisde?nedbytheactioncross
7、sectiontakenfromavailableexperimentaldata.Tocharacterizethedegreeofapoptosis,anautocorrelationfunctionthatdescribesthespatialcorrelationofapoptoticcellsisintroduced.Thevaluesoftheautocorrelationfunctiondemonstratethee?ectofthedirectionalityoftheradiationtrac
8、konthespatialarrangementsofinactivatedcellsintissue.Thise?ectisintrinsiconlytohighlinear-energy-transferradiation.ó2010COSPAR.PublishedbyElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.Keywords:Heavyions;Tissueir
