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1、.英語定語從句(形容詞性從句)用法一、定義:定語從句在復合句中做定語,修飾一個名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后,由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出?!£P(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞必須位于從句之首,主句先行詞之后,起著連接先行詞和從句的作用,同時在從句中又充當句子成分。關(guān)系代詞有:who,?whom,?whose,?that,?which等?! £P(guān)系副詞有:when,?where,?why等。先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語從句Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair先行詞關(guān)系
2、詞定語從句關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞(which,who,whom,whose,that)(where,when,why)二、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法:1)當先行詞為人時用who作主語,whom作賓語(可省);2)當先行詞為物或整個句子時用which,可作主語或賓語;3)先行詞為人、物時用that,可作主語或賓語(可省);4)whose用作定語,可指人或物;5)關(guān)系副詞when(指時間,在定語從句中作時間狀語,where(指地點,在定語從句中作地點狀語),why(指原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語)。...關(guān)系詞在定語
3、從句中作主語時,從句的謂語動詞必須和先行詞在人稱和數(shù)量上保持一致。小結(jié):who,whom,whose(ofwhich),that(指人/物),which(指物)(主語)(賓語)(定語)Where=inwhich(指地點,在定語從句中作地點狀語)When=onwhich(指時間,在定語從句中作時間狀語Why(指原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語)三、關(guān)系詞的選擇1.首先判斷先行詞。2.先行詞確定后,再看關(guān)系詞在從句中作什么成分,然后正確選擇關(guān)系詞。4.定語從句要避免成分重復5.定語從句要避免漏用先行詞6.含有介詞
4、的短語動詞一般不拆開ThesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyearSheisthegirlwhosingsbestofallThestudentwhoansweredthequestionismyclassmateThedoctorwhomyou’rtalkingabouthasgonehomeIknowtheladywhosehusbandworksinahospital...Thisistheletterthatiswritteninpencilisdifficult
5、toreadWhereismycoatwhichIboughtthismorning?IhaveneverforgottenthedaywhenImetyouTheistheroomwherehelivesTheisnoreasonwhyyoushouldleaveThewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.四、定語從句中的that,who用來指人時的用法在下列情況下多用或須用who①關(guān)系代
6、詞在從句中作主語時,多用who.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?Thedoctorwhotreatedmewasveryexperienced.②先行詞為all,anyone,one,ones等時,多用who。Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited.Anyonewhobreakstherulewillbepunished.③先行詞為those和people時多用who。Thosewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.Peo
7、plewhocanseesometimesactjustasfoolishly.④在非限制性定語從句中作主語須用who,作賓語須用whom。Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworkshard.Mr.Green,whomyousawinthelibraryyesterday,willteachusphysicsnextterm....⑤在被分割的定語從句中須用who.AnewteacherwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.⑥在以the
8、rebe開頭的句子中多用who.Thereisastrangerwhowantstoseeourheadmaster.⑦一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句,其中一個關(guān)系代詞是that,另一個須用who。Thestudentwhowaspraisedatthemeetingisthemonitorthatismodestandstudiesveryhard.五、只用that不用which的情況1、??當先行詞是all,?little,?